The process of creating or modifying institutions to promote public policy objectives.
Public policy: This covers the principles and procedures involved in the creation and implementation of public policy. It explores issues related to policy formulation, analysis, implementation, and evaluation.
Institutional design: This involves the creation, maintenance, and modification of institutions that are designed to facilitate the implementation of public policy. It includes topics related to the design of institutions, such as bureaucracy, regulation, and rulemaking.
Policy implementation: This covers the actual implementation of policies in the real world. It includes topics related to the actors, institutions, and activities involved in policy implementation.
Governance: This covers the process of exercising power and authority in organizations and institutions in order to achieve the objectives of public policy. It includes topics related to the structures and processes of governance, as well as the roles of different actors.
Institutional arrangements: This involves the design and implementation of institutional arrangements that are designed to facilitate policy implementation. It includes topics related to the structures and processes of institutional arrangements, as well as the roles of different actors.
Performance management: This covers the process of evaluating and assessing the performance of institutions and actors involved in policy implementation. It includes topics related to the measurement, analysis, and improvement of performance.
Organizational behavior: This covers the behavior of individuals and groups in organizations, and the impact of this behavior on policy implementation. It includes topics related to motivation, leadership, and communication.
Public administration: This covers the principles and practices of public administration, including the management and coordination of public services and resources. It includes topics related to decision-making, planning, and budgeting.
Stakeholder analysis: This covers the process of identifying and assessing the interests, needs, and perspectives of different stakeholders in policy implementation. It includes topics related to stakeholder engagement, participation, and consultation.
Network analysis: This covers the analysis of networks of actors and institutions involved in policy implementation, and the implications of these networks for policy outcomes. It includes topics related to network structure, governance, and coordination.
Hierarchical Design: This type of institutional design involves a clear and centralized chain of command, with strict control over decision-making processes and resource allocation. It is commonly used in bureaucratic organizations and government institutions.
Market-Based Design: A market-based institutional design is implemented to create a competitive environment where different providers can offer their solutions to achieve policy goals. This approach can be beneficial when the authorities aim to minimize government involvement and create market mechanisms to operate.
Network Design: In this type of institutional design, different organizations come together voluntarily to achieve shared policy objectives. Collective action problems are solved, and coordination among the stakeholders is facilitated. Applies generally to public-private partnerships .
Collaborative Design: Similar to the network design, collaborative institutional design brings different stakeholders together to participate in a joint decision-making process. However, collaborative design organizations can be created by law or public officials to work toward shared goals.
Pragmatic Design: This approach focuses solely on the practical aspects of policy implementation. It is practical and based on an assessment of prior successes and failures to figure out the best way to deliver policy outcomes and any potential setbacks or challenges that need to be addressed.
Participatory Design: In this type of institutional design, policy implementation processes consider the active participation of citizens or different groups of people directly influenced by the policy outcomes. A platform is established to facilitate communication and feedback to ensure that policies align with public interest.
Regulatory Design: This type of institutional design involves the establishment of regulatory bodies, which develop and enforce standards to ensure compliance with policy goals. These are most commonly used in industries where there are public health or safety concerns, like construction.
Self-Organizing Design: This institutional design allows the policy problems to be solved through a self-organizing system, like biomimicry studies. The self-organizing design promotes the distributed intelligence of a system to develop the most efficient method to address policy challenges.