This subfield deals with the analysis of the economic impact immigrants have on the host economy, including labor market effects, productivity, and macroeconomic outcomes.
Immigration policy: This topic entails researching and analyzing policies that govern the entry of foreigners into a particular country. It involves looking at legal and regulatory frameworks that determine the types of immigrants allowed to enter, the process for obtaining a visa, and the rules guiding the employment, residence, and welfare entitlements of such migrants.
Economic impact analysis: This includes understanding how policy decisions can impact the economy of a particular region, state, or country. It entails evaluating the direct and indirect effects of various policies on the economy, employment, investment, and other key economic indicators.
Labor economics: This area of study examines the behavior of workers, employers, and markets in which wage rates are determined. It comprises analyzing labor supply, demand, and equilibrium, as well as studying labor market institutions such as trade unions, collective bargaining, and minimum wage laws.
Fiscal policies: This topic involves analyzing government revenue and expenditure policies, including taxation, government spending, subsidies, and transfers. It considers the extent to which policies such as tax cuts or increased public spending on infrastructure or health can stimulate economic growth or lead to inflation.
Macroeconomic policies: This involves the analysis of government policies that affect the overall performance of a country's economy, including monetary policies (interest rates, money supply, etc.), fiscal policies, and trade policies. It also involves understanding the impact of external factors such as global economic conditions, commodity prices, and international trade agreements.
Human capital: This entails analyzing the role of education, training, and skills in the workforce and their impact on economic growth and development. It involves studying the relationship between education, training, and labor productivity, as well as the impact of immigration on the human capital of a country.
International trade: This topic includes analyzing the impact of immigration policies on international trade and the global economy. It involves assessing the impact of trade agreements, tariffs, and non-tariff barriers on the flow of goods, capital, and labor between countries.
Demographic analysis: This involves analyzing population trends and their impact on economic growth and development. It includes analyzing factors such as age, sex, education, health, and migration patterns, and how these factors affect the labor force, economic output and productivity.
Social Welfare Programs: This area of study includes analyzing policies related to social welfare programs that cover education, health care, housing, and other social services. It involves evaluating the pros and cons of benefits programs that support immigrants and evaluating the effects of social welfare programs that target immigrant communities.
Public sector economics: This comprises analyzing the role of the government in the economy, including its role in funding public goods and services, taxation, and regulation. It involves evaluating the impact of government policies on public finances, investment, and economic growth, as well as the impact of immigration policies on the public sector.
Fiscal Impact Analysis: A fiscal impact analysis examines the costs and benefits of immigration policy on government spending and revenue.
Labor Market Impact Analysis: A labor market impact analysis evaluates the effects of immigration policy on employment and wages for both American workers and immigrants.
Social Impact Analysis: A social impact analysis measures the effects of immigration policy on social services, including education, healthcare, and housing.
Economic Growth Impact Analysis: An economic growth impact analysis assesses the impact of immigration policy on overall economic growth and development.
Regional and Local Economic Impact Analysis: A regional and local economic impact analysis looks at how immigration policy affects specific regions and cities by analyzing economic activity, job creation, and demand for services.
Environmental Impact Analysis: An environmental impact analysis evaluates the effects of immigration policy on natural resources and the environment.
Demographic Impact Analysis: A demographic impact analysis examines how immigration policy affects the composition of the US population, including age, gender, and race.
Industry-Specific Impact Analysis: An industry-specific impact analysis looks at how immigration policy affects specific industries such as agriculture, technology or healthcare.
Trade Impact Analysis: A trade impact analysis evaluates the effects of immigration policy on international trade, including exports and imports.
Cultural Impact Analysis: A cultural impact analysis measures the effects of immigration policy on American culture and identity, including language, customs, and traditions.