- "Public health is 'the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals'."
Study of policies aimed at improving the overall health of populations, addressing issues such as prevention and control of communicable diseases, health education, and disaster preparedness.
Epidemiology: The study of patterns, causes, and effects of health and diseases in populations.
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: The identification of behaviors, lifestyles, and environmental factors that promote good health and prevent disease.
Health Services Research: The study of the methods, systems, and structure of healthcare delivery, and the impact of healthcare policy on healthcare delivery.
Health Economics: The study of how healthcare resources are allocated, used, and paid for in societies.
Healthcare Policy Analysis: The analysis of how healthcare policies are designed, implemented, and evaluated to achieve desired outcomes.
Healthcare Access and Equity: The study of the disparities in healthcare access, delivery, and outcomes across different populations and regions, and the development of policies to address them.
Global Health: The study of the health concerns and challenges that affect populations across borders and continents, and the development of policies to address them.
Health Law and Ethics: The study of legal and ethical considerations in healthcare delivery, including issues related to patient rights, privacy, and informed consent.
Healthcare Quality and Safety: The evaluation of the quality and safety of healthcare delivery, and the development of policies to improve them.
Health Information Systems: The study of the technology and data systems used in healthcare delivery, including electronic health records, data analytics, and telemedicine.
Health Policy Implementation: The process of translating health policies into action, including the identification of stakeholders, barriers, and facilitators of policy implementation.
Health Policy Evaluation: The assessment of the impact of health policies on populations and healthcare delivery, and the use of evaluation results to revise policies and improve healthcare delivery.
Health Policy Communication: The study of effective communication strategies for disseminating health policies and information to various stakeholders, including the public, policymakers, and healthcare providers.
Health Disparities and Determinants: The study of the social, economic, and environmental factors that contribute to health disparities among different populations, and the development of policies to address them.
Healthcare Financing Systems: The study of the methods used to finance healthcare delivery, including private insurance, government-funded programs, and out-of-pocket payments.
Disease Prevention and Control Policy: Aims to reduce or halt the spread of contagious diseases.
Environmental Health Policy: Focuses on improving and maintaining environmental health conditions, including air pollution, water quality, food safety, and sanitation.
Mental Health Policy: Addresses mental health care and services, including preventative measures, treatment options and stigma reduction.
Health Promotion Policy: Encourages healthy behaviors, such as exercise and healthy diet, and reducing risk factors, such as smoking and drug use.
Health Access Policy: Addresses access to healthcare by increasing insurance coverage, reducing costs, and opening healthcare facilities and services in underserved areas.
Public Health Emergency Response Policy: Provides necessary resources, mental health support, and communication during natural disasters and widespread health risks.
Health Equity Policy: Identifies and seeks to mitigate inequities in health outcomes, access to healthcare and social determinants of health.
Health Communication and Information Policy: Promotes accurate communication about health topics, such as campaigns to increase awareness and shared knowledge.
Health Regulations Policy: Sets guidelines and regulations about the production, distribution, transportation, and disposal of medical equipment and drugs in order to ensure public safety.
Health Systems Policy: Considers the overall framework of healthcare delivery and seeks to improve health outcomes through modernization, digitization and financing activities.
Health Technology and Innovation Policy: Encourages the adoption of new technologies through policies that facilitate R&D and promote product development in order to enhance public health.
- "Analyzing the determinants of health of a population and the threats it faces is the basis for public health."
- "Epidemiology, biostatistics, social sciences and management of health services are all relevant."
- "Other important sub-fields include environmental health, community health, behavioral health, health economics, public policy, mental health, health education, health politics, occupational safety, disability, oral health, gender issues in health, and sexual and reproductive health."
- "Public health, together with primary care, secondary care, and tertiary care, is part of a country's overall healthcare system."
- "Common public health initiatives include promotion of hand-washing and breastfeeding, delivery of vaccinations, promoting ventilation and improved air quality both indoors and outdoors, suicide prevention, smoking cessation, obesity education, increasing healthcare accessibility, and distribution of condoms to control the spread of sexually transmitted diseases."
- "There is a significant disparity in access to health care and public health initiatives between developed countries and developing countries, as well as within developing countries."
- "In developing countries, public health infrastructures are still forming. There may not be enough trained healthcare workers, monetary resources, or, in some cases, sufficient knowledge to provide even a basic level of medical care and disease prevention."
- "A major public health concern in developing countries is poor maternal and child health, exacerbated by malnutrition and poverty coupled with governments' reluctance in implementing public health policies."
- "Great Britain became a leader in the development of public health initiatives, beginning in the 19th century, due to the fact that it was the first modern urban nation worldwide."
- "The public health initiatives that began to emerge initially focused on sanitation (for example, the Liverpool and London sewerage systems), control of infectious diseases (including vaccination and quarantine) and an evolving infrastructure of various sciences, e.g. statistics, microbiology, epidemiology, sciences of engineering."