Urban governance refers to the structures and processes through which urban areas are managed and governed.
Urbanization: Urbanization refers to the process of the increase in the population of cities and towns as people move from rural areas to urban areas.
History of Urbanization: This involves the study of how cities and towns have developed over time.
Governance: Governance refers to the process of decision making, policy implementation, and management of resources.
Governing Institutions: This involves the study of the institutions responsible for urban governance, such as local government, state governments, and international organizations.
Urban Planning: Urban planning is the process of designing and managing the physical and social aspects of urban areas.
Sustainable Development: This involves the consideration of environmental, social, and economic sustainability in the planning and management of urban areas.
Public Policy: Public policy refers to the government's approach to addressing social, economic, and political issues.
Infrastructure: Infrastructure refers to the physical structures and facilities necessary for urban areas to function, such as roads, bridges, and buildings.
Community Development: Community development involves working with community members to create positive change and growth in their neighborhoods.
Social and Economic Development: This involves creating and sustaining economic opportunities and social programs that will contribute to a thriving urban environment.
Land Use Planning: Land use planning is the process of managing the appropriate use of land in urban areas, in accordance with the needs of the community.
Housing Policy: Housing policy refers to government programs and initiatives that aim to address the needs of citizens for affordable and safe housing.
Citizen Participation: Citizen participation refers to the involvement of citizens in decision-making processes, and ensuring their voice is heard.
Public Management: Public management refers to the management of public resources, such as finances, personnel, and programs.
Urban Design: Urban design involves the aesthetic and functional aspects of the design of urban areas, including buildings, streetscapes, and public spaces.
Transportation Planning: Transportation planning is the process of managing the movement of goods and people in urban areas, including public transportation systems.
Environmental Management: Environmental management involves protecting and enhancing the natural environment in urban areas, such as parks and waterways.
Emergency Management: Emergency management involves the preparation, management, and response to natural and man-made disasters that may occur in urban areas.
Public Health: Public health refers to programs and initiatives that focus on promoting and protecting the health of citizens in urban areas.
Data Analysis and Management: This involves the collection, analysis, and management of data related to urban governance to support evidence-based decision making.
Mayor-Council: In this form of urban governance, the mayor is the chief executive and the city council acts as the legislative body, responsible for policymaking and budgetary decisions.
Council-Manager: In this form of urban governance, the city council hires a professional city manager to oversee the day-to-day operations of the city.
Strong Mayor: Similar to the mayor-council form of governance, but with the mayor having much more power and authority over the city's operations and budget.
City-County Consolidation: Some urban areas consolidate their city and county governments into one entity, with one set of elected officials overseeing both local and county affairs.
Commission: In this form of governance, the city is divided into districts, each with their own commissioner elected to serve on a city commission responsible for policymaking and budget decisions.
Council-Mayor-Manager: This form of governance combines elements of the council-manager and strong mayor forms, with the mayor serving as an executive and the city council acting as a legislative body. The city manager oversees the day-to-day operations.
Regional Council: Smaller municipalities can band together to form a region that is overseen by a regional council, responsible for policymaking and budgetary decisions.
Special District: Independent government entities that focus on a specific service or function, such as water or parks.
Public-Private Partnership: A collaborative effort between local government and private industry to develop and manage public services and facilities.
Home Rule: In this form of governance, cities and municipalities are granted the ability to create their own charters and make decisions that are not limited by state law.