"Strategic management involves the formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by an organization's managers on behalf of stakeholders, based on consideration of resources and an assessment of the internal and external environments in which the organization operates."
The ongoing evaluation of the strategic plan and the use of feedback to make improvements and refine the plan.
Definition of Evaluation and Continuous Improvement: An introduction to the broad concepts of evaluation and continuous improvement in public administration.
Importance of Evaluation and Continuous Improvement: An overview of the reasons why public administration entities should prioritize evaluation and continuous improvement.
Historical Development of Evaluation and Continuous Improvement in Public Administration: A retrospective examination of the evolution of evaluation and continuous improvement practices in public administration.
Theoretical Frameworks and Approaches to Evaluation and Continuous Improvement: A survey of the various theoretical frameworks and approaches that inform evaluation and continuous improvement practices.
Performance Measurement and Management: An exploration of the methods used to measure and manage performance in public administration entities.
Implementation of Evaluation and Continuous Improvement Programs: A detailed examination of the practical considerations and strategies involved in implementing an evaluation and continuous improvement program.
Key Performance Indicators: A discussion of the most commonly used key performance indicators in public administration entities.
Data Collection and Analysis: An overview of the methods used to collect and analyze data related to public administration performance.
Stakeholder Engagement and Communication: A discussion of the importance of stakeholder engagement and effective communication in developing and implementing evaluation and continuous improvement programs.
Budgeting and Resource Allocation for Evaluation and Continuous Improvement: An exploration of the challenges and strategies involved in allocating resources for effective evaluation and continuous improvement.
Continuous Learning and Improvement: An overview of the ongoing learning and improvement processes that should underpin effective evaluation and continuous improvement practices.
Challenges and Risks in Evaluation and Continuous Improvement: An examination of the common challenges and risks associated with evaluation and continuous improvement programs in public administration.
Outcome evaluation: This type of evaluation measures the changes in the target population or community after implementation of a program, policy or intervention. It focuses on the extent to which the objectives of the program have been achieved.
Process evaluation: This type of evaluation focuses on evaluating the implementation of a program or intervention. It assesses how the program is working, how it is being delivered, and whether the intended procedures, activities, and materials are being used efficiently.
Impact evaluation: This type of evaluation examines the overall impact of a program or intervention on the broader environment. It involves assessing the long-term effects of the program, measuring the social or economic implications of the implementation of the program.
Formative evaluation: This type of evaluation is an ongoing process that occurs during the implementation of a program. It helps program managers to monitor progress, understand the impact of the program, and identify areas for improvement.
Summative evaluation: This type of evaluation occurs at the end of a program or intervention to determine its overall success. It is designed to provide an overall assessment of how the program achieved its goals, objectives and outcomes.
Needs assessment: This type of evaluation assesses the needs of the target population or community before the implementation of a program. It helps to identify the gaps between the current situation and the desired state of affairs.
Cost-effectiveness evaluation: This type of evaluation assesses the economic efficiency of a program. It compares the cost of implementation to the overall benefits derived from it.
Quality improvement evaluation: This type of evaluation is used to improve the quality of services, programs and interventions by identifying areas for improvement and implementing actions to effect change.
Continual improvement: This type of evaluation is conducted regularly to continuously improve the quality of the program. It involves setting benchmarks, monitoring progress, implementing change and evaluating outcomes.
Return on Investment evaluation: This type of evaluation focuses on the economic return of a program with a specific budget allocated for it. It involves comparing the revenue generated with the budget allocated, to determine if the program was a sound investment.
"Strategic management provides overall direction to an enterprise and involves specifying the organization's objectives, developing policies and plans to achieve those objectives, and then allocating resources to implement the plans."
"Academics and practicing managers have developed numerous models and frameworks to assist in strategic decision-making in the context of complex environments and competitive dynamics."
"Management theory and practice often make a distinction between strategic management and operational management, with operational management concerned primarily with improving efficiency and controlling costs within the boundaries set by the organization's strategy."
"Michael Porter identifies three principles underlying strategy: creating a 'unique and valuable [market] position,' making trade-offs by choosing 'what not to do,' and creating 'fit' by aligning company activities with one another to support the chosen strategy."
"Corporate strategy involves answering a key question from a portfolio perspective: 'What business should we be in?'"
"Business strategy involves answering the question: 'How shall we compete in this business?'"
"Strategic management is not static in nature; the models can include a feedback loop to monitor execution and to inform the next round of planning."
"Strategic management involves the formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by an organization's managers on behalf of stakeholders."
"[Strategic management] is based on consideration of resources and an assessment of the internal and external environments in which the organization operates."
"Strategic management involves specifying the organization's objectives, developing policies and plans to achieve those objectives..."
"Operational management concerns improving efficiency and controlling costs within the boundaries set by the organization's strategy."
"Models and frameworks assist in strategic decision-making in the context of complex environments and competitive dynamics."
"Strategic management is not static in nature..."
"Strategic management provides overall direction to an enterprise..."
"Strategic management involves... allocating resources to implement the plans."
"Creating 'fit' refers to aligning company activities with one another to support the chosen strategy."
"The models can include a feedback loop to monitor execution and to inform the next round of planning."
"Management theory and practice often make a distinction between strategic management and operational management..."
"Making trade-offs by choosing 'what not to do' is one of the principles underlying strategy according to Michael Porter."