Public Finance

Government Budgeting: A study of government revenue and expenditure policies, budget preparation, execution, and control.

Taxation Policy: Understanding of the tax system, including revenue generation, tax laws, policies, and regulations, as well as the impact of taxation on the economy.

Economic Theory: The basic principles and concepts that frame economic theories, models, and their application in public finance.

Welfare Economics: The study of how scarce resources can be allocated to maximize social welfare and the distribution of economic resources to promote economic equity.

Public Expenditure: An examination of how public funds are allocated and spent and the role of public finance in public service provision.

Public Debt Management: The study of methods of borrowing, debt management, and the impact of debt on the economy and society.

Fiscal Federalism: A study of the relationship between federal, state, and local government in management of public finance and fiscal policy.

Public Investment: Understanding of the principles and processes of public investment, including budget processes, investment appraisal techniques, and project management.

Public Sector Accounting: An understanding of accounting principles and practices for public entities that operate within a unique legal and regulatory framework.

Public-Private Partnership: Understanding of collaboration between the public and private sectors, including contract design, legal and negotiation framework for public-private partnership.

Cost-Benefit Analysis: The study of economic evaluation methods to weigh costs and benefits of public projects and programs, to provide an understanding of whether they maximize social welfare.

Macroeconomics: The study of the performance of the national economy, including the monitoring of economic policies in relation to macroeconomic goals.

Public Policy Analysis: Understanding of the political institutions, process and actors that shape public policies, including the policy formulation, implementation and evaluation.

Institutional Economics: Study of how economic theory relates to the functioning and behavior of institutions, organizations and systems.

Revenue Forecasting: Understanding of methods and techniques for estimating tax revenues, income flows and economic trends to develop revenue projections for budget planning.

Fiscal Policy: Using government spending and taxation to influence the economy.

Monetary Policy: Utilizing the money supply and interest rates to regulate economic activities and stabilize the economy.

Taxation and Revenue Policies: Managing tax collection and enforcing tax laws in order to generate revenue for public programs and services.

Public Debt Policy: Monitoring the government's debt to determine its sustainability and impact on the economy.

Social Policies: Promoting social welfare programs, healthcare, education, and income security systems.

Environmental Policies: Managing ecological resources and encouraging sustainable economic and environmental practices.

Investment Policies: Promoting economic growth and development through investment in crucial sectors.

Trade and Industrial Policies: Regulating international trade and encouraging domestic industrial development.

Regulatory Policies: Managing regulations and enforcement to protect the public interest while also promoting economic growth.

Infrastructure and Public Works Policies: Investing in and maintaining various types of infrastructure, such as transportation networks, water management systems, and energy production facilities.