Classical models of Public Administration

The Emergence of Public Administration: This topic covers the evolution of public administration from ancient times to the modern era, emphasizing the factors that influenced the growth and development of government bureaucracy.

Theories of Public Administration: In this topic, learners will explore the different theories of public administration, including the scientific management theory, the bureaucratic theory, and the human relations theory.

Evolution of Civil Service: The evolution of the civil service system, tracing its origins back to ancient China, is discussed in this topic. This includes the merit-based hiring and promotion systems as well as the rules and regulations governing the civil service.

The Role of Public Administration in Government: In this topic, learners will examine the role of public administration in the government system, including the relationship between legislative, executive, and judicial branches, and the functions of public administration in each branch.

Administrative Reforms: This topic explores the significant administrative reforms that took place during different governments and their impact on society as well as the administration during that time.

Public Administration Ethics and Accountability: This topic will cover the morals and values of public administration officials and the need for accountability and transparency.

Public Administration's Social and Political Aspect: In this topic, learners will delve into the social and political aspects of public administration, including the social responsibility of public administrators and the political influences on public administration.

Leadership in Public Administration: This topic focuses on leadership principles, styles, and competencies that are relevant to public administration.

Public Budgeting and Financial Management: Public budgeting and financial management refers to the principles and practices of managing funds by the government, and this topic will discuss the methods of managing budgets in public administration.

Public Policy and Implementation: In this topic, learners will explore the relationship between public policy and its implementation, including the steps involved in implementing public policies in government systems.

The orthodox model: The orthodox model, also known as the traditional or classical model, emphasizes formal organizational structure and processes, and hierarchical decision making. This model views public administration strictly as a technical process.

The scientific management model: This model emphasizes the use of techniques developed by Frederick W. Taylor to improve efficiency and productivity. The approach calls for breaking down tasks into specific tasks and developing standardized procedures for completing them.

The administrative management model: This model emphasizes the importance of managerial functions, such as planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. The model views administration primarily as a set of activities designed to achieve organizational goals.

The bureaucratic model: This model is based on the principles of bureaucracy developed by Max Weber. The approach emphasizes the importance of hierarchical authority, formal rules and procedures, specialization of tasks, and impersonality in organizational decision making.

The political model: This model views public administration as a political process, in which decisions are made on the basis of political ideology, interests, and power. The model emphasizes the importance of democratic values and public participation in decision-making.

The human relations model: This approach emphasizes the importance of the human element in organizations, and seeks to improve organizational effectiveness through attention to the needs and motivations of employees.

The contingency model: The contingency model assumes that there is no single best way to organize or manage, and that the most effective approach will depend on specific organizational and environmental conditions. It emphasizes the need for managers to be flexible and to adapt their approach to changing circumstances.

The governance model: The governance model emphasizes the role of the public sector in regulating, directing and controlling the activities of other stakeholders in society, including private companies and non-governmental organizations. This model emphasizes transparency, accountability and public participation in decision-making.

The new public management (NPM) model: The NPM model emphasizes the need for public sector organizations to become more efficient, flexible, and customer-focused. This model has been associated with the use of market-based incentives, privatization, contracting out, and performance measurement to drive organizational change.

The post-modern model: The post-modern model challenges traditional assumptions about public administration, emphasizing the need to embrace complexity, diversity, and uncertainty. It also emphasizes the importance of power relations, discourse, and interpretation in shaping organizational behavior and decision-making.