"Local government is a generic term for the lowest tiers of public administration within a particular sovereign state."
An overview of the roles and responsibilities of local administrators and their importance in governance at the local level.
Definition and scope of local administration: Understanding the meaning of local administration, its importance, and its scope.
Evolution of local administration: Historical development of local administration in different countries and its evolution over time.
The role and functions of local administration: The roles and responsibilities of local administration, and how it carries out its functions.
The structure of local government: The different levels of local government, including municipal, district, and county councils, and their functions.
The role of local government officials: Understanding the different roles and responsibilities of local government officials, including mayors, councillors, and other elected officials.
Local government finances: Understanding local government budgeting processes, sources of revenue, and the challenges faced in managing finances.
Service delivery by local government: The provision of services such as healthcare, education, water, and sanitation by local government officials, and how this is managed.
Local government and community participation: Reviewing the importance of community participation in local government decision making and how it impacts governance.
Citizen engagement and participation in local governance: How citizens can participate in local government and demand accountability from their elected representatives.
Accessing information from local government: The importance of transparency and access to information, and how this can be obtained from local government.
Enhancing gender equality and social inclusion: Identifying the ways that local governments can address gender equality and social inclusion issues.
Roles of civil society organizations (CSOs): Understanding the roles and contributions of CSOs in local government governance.
Intergovernmental relations: Examining the relationship between local government and national government, and how this affects governance.
Decentralization and devolution: Analyzing the process of decentralization and the transfer of power and resources from national to local government.
Local government and development: The role of local government in promoting sustainable development and community-driven initiatives.
Monitoring and evaluation of local government: The importance of monitoring and evaluating the performance of local government and assessing service delivery.
Ethics and accountability in local governance: The role of ethics and accountability in ensuring good governance at the local level.
Challenges and opportunities of local government: Examining the challenges faced by local government, such as corruption, political interference, and weak institutional capacity, and opportunities to strengthen governance.
Traditional Administration: This type of administration is based on traditional values, norms, and customs. It emphasizes the importance of hierarchy, bureaucracy, and centralized decision-making.
Participatory Administration: This type of administration focuses on the involvement of the community or citizens in decision-making and developing policies, programs, and projects that serve their needs.
Decentralized Administration: This type of administration involves transferring power and responsibilities to local government units within a region or country. This promotes a more efficient and effective provision of public services, as those in charge of implementation are closer to the people.
Collaborative Administration: This type of administration emphasizes the collaborative efforts of various stakeholders, including government agencies, private sector organizations, and citizens, to address local governance challenges.
New Public Management (NPM): This type of administration stresses the need for efficiency, effectiveness, and flexibility in the delivery of public services. NPM encourages innovative solutions to local governance challenges and has resulted in the use of modern technologies in service delivery.
Environmental Administration: This type of administration addresses environmental concerns in the local community. It promotes environmentally sustainable practices, such as waste management, renewable energy, and clean water delivery.
Gender-inclusive Administration: This type of administration is geared towards eliminating gender biases in local governance structures and policies. It promotes equal participation of women and men in decision-making processes.
Crisis Administration: This type of administration deals with disasters or emergency situations, such as natural disasters, pandemics, and terrorist attacks. It focuses on effective emergency response, recovery, and rehabilitation.
Electronic Administration (e-administration): This type of administration uses electronic means to deliver public services to local communities. This promotes transparency, efficiency, and accessibility in service delivery.
"The term local government is always used specifically in contrast to national government."
"Sub-national, first-level administrative divisions (which are generally known by names such as cantons, provinces, states, oblasts, or regions)."
"Local governments generally act only within powers specifically delegated to them by law and/or directives of a higher level of government."
"In federal states, local government generally comprises a third or fourth tier of government."
"The question of municipal autonomy is a key question of public administration and governance."
"Yes, local elections are held in many countries."
"The institutions of local government vary greatly between countries."
"Common designated names for local government entities include state, province, region, canton, department, county, prefecture, district, city, township, town, borough, parish, municipality, shire, village, ward, local service district, and local government area."
"Local government is a level of administration that is both geographically localized and has limited powers."
"In some countries, 'government' is normally reserved purely for a national administration."
"The term local government is always used specifically in contrast to national government – as well as, in many cases, the activities of sub-national, first-level administrative divisions."
"In unitary states, local government usually occupies the second or third tier of government."
"Local governments generally act only within powers specifically delegated to them by law and/or directives of a higher level of government."
"In federal states, local government generally comprises a third or fourth tier of government."
"The institutions of local government vary greatly between countries."
"Common designated names for local government entities include state, province, region, canton, department, county, prefecture, district, city, township, town, borough, parish, municipality, shire, village, ward, local service district, and local government area."
"The term local government is always used specifically in contrast to national government – as well as, in many cases, the activities of sub-national, first-level administrative divisions."
"Local government usually occupies the second or third tier of government in unitary states."
"Local governments generally act only within powers specifically delegated to them by law and/or directives of a higher level of government."