- "Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception and often implemented by programs."
The study of how governments develop and implement policies that impact society, including economic development, social welfare, and international relations.
Introduction to Public Policy: A general overview of the definition, purpose, and components of public policy.
Policy Analysis: A process of identifying, evaluating, and recommending policy alternatives to solve public problems.
Government Structure and Function: The study of the organization and roles of different governmental bodies and their interaction in the policy-making process.
Policy Tools and Instruments: An examination of the various tools and methods used by governments to implement and enforce policies, such as regulations, subsidies, and taxes.
Public Management: An exploration of the principles and practices of managing public organizations, including leadership, organizational structure, and decision-making.
Ethics and Public Values: The study of ethical principles and values that guide public policy-making, including accountability, transparency, and social justice.
International Relations: An examination of the relationships between nations and international organizations, and how they affect policy at the national and international levels.
Comparative Public Policy: An analysis of the policies and outcomes of different nations or regions to understand how policy choices impact society and government.
Economic Theory and Policy: An exploration of economic principles and how they influence public policy, such as fiscal and monetary policy or trade policy.
Political Theory and Policy: An examination of the political philosophy and ideology that guide policy-making, including liberalism, conservatism, and socialism.
Environmental Policy: The study of policies and practices related to environmental preservation and sustainability.
Healthcare Policy: An examination of policies related to healthcare access, delivery, and financing.
Education Policy: The study of policies related to educational institutions, including funding, curriculum, and teacher preparation.
Social Welfare Policy: An exploration of policies related to social assistance, such as welfare programs, unemployment benefits, and disability services.
Energy and Resource Policy: The study of policies related to the management and use of energy and natural resources, such as fossil fuels, renewable energy, and water management.
Urban Policy: An examination of policies related to urban development, including transportation, housing, and zoning.
Technology Policy: The study of policies related to digital technology, cybersecurity, and privacy.
Criminal Justice Policy: An exploration of policies related to crime prevention, rehabilitation, and punishment.
Immigration Policy: The study of policies related to immigration, such as visa requirements, border control, and refugee resettlement.
International Development Policy: An examination of policies related to international development and poverty reduction, including foreign aid, debt relief, and economic growth strategies.
Economic Policy: This type of policy includes taxes, trade, and regulation of financial institutions.
Environmental Policy: This policy focuses on reducing pollution, conserving natural resources, and promoting sustainable development.
Foreign Policy: This policy deals with a country's relationship with other countries, including trade agreements and diplomatic relationships.
Defense Policy: This policy focuses on maintaining the country's military strength, security, and safety.
Health Policy: This policy focuses on promoting public health and ensuring access to healthcare services.
Education Policy: This policy focuses on providing education opportunities to all citizens and ensuring they have access to quality education.
Immigration Policy: This policy deals with the movement of people across international borders, including legal and illegal immigration.
Human Rights Policy: This policy focuses on protecting the rights of individuals regardless of their race, gender, religion, or status.
Social Welfare Policy: This policy focuses on providing social services and support to help people overcome poverty, unemployment, and other social issues.
- "They are created and/or enacted on behalf of the public typically by a government."
- "Sometimes they are made by nonprofit organizations or are made in co-production with communities or citizens."
- "They can include potential experts, scientists, engineers, and stakeholders or scientific data, or sometimes use some of their results."
- "There are many actors: elected politicians, political party leaders, pressure groups, civil servants, publicly employed professionals, judges, non-governmental organizations, international agencies, academic experts, journalists, and even sometimes citizens."
- "A popular way of understanding and engaging in public policy is through a series of stages known as 'the policy cycle.'"
- "A basic sequence is agenda setting, policy formulation, legitimation, implementation, and evaluation."
- "Officials considered as policymakers bear responsibility to reflect the interests of a host of different stakeholders."
- "Policy design entails a conscious and deliberate effort to define policy aims and map them instrumentally."
- "Academics and other experts in policy studies have developed a range of tools and approaches to help in this task."
- "The implementation of public policy is known as public administration."
- "Public policy can be considered to be the sum of a government's direct and indirect activities and has been conceptualized in a variety of ways."
- "They are typically made by policymakers affiliated with currently elected politicians."
- "They are made in co-production with communities or citizens, which can include potential experts, scientists, engineers, and stakeholders."
- "Even sometimes citizens who see themselves as the passive recipients of policy."
- "Policy design entails a conscious and deliberate effort to define policy aims and map them instrumentally."
- "It divides the policy process into a series of stages, from a notional starting point at which policymakers begin to think about a policy problem to a notional end point at which a policy has been implemented and policymakers think about how successful it has been before deciding what to do next."
- "They are guided by a conception and often implemented by programs."
- "Academic experts have developed a range of tools and approaches to help in this task."
- "Policymakers think about how successful it has been before deciding what to do next."