"One mode of government that combines a general government with regional governments in a single political system, dividing the powers between the two."
A system of government in which power is divided and shared between a central government and constituent political units.
Definition of Federalism: Understanding the basic concept of federalism and how it relates to the division of power and authority between federal and state governments.
Historical Evolution of Federalism: Understanding how federalism emerged in the United States and the various stages that it has gone through over the years.
Types of Federalism: Exploring the different types of federalism, such as dual federalism, cooperative federalism, new federalism, and fiscal federalism.
Powers and Responsibilities: Examining the different powers and responsibilities of the federal and state governments, including enumerated powers, implied powers, and reserved powers.
Intergovernmental Relations: Analyzing the complex relationships between federal, state, and local governments, including the role of intergovernmental agreements and grants-in-aid.
Constitutional Framework: Reviewing the key provisions of the U.S. Constitution that relate to federalism, such as the Supremacy Clause, the Commerce Clause, and the Tenth Amendment.
Federalism and Public Policy: Investigating how federalism impacts policy-making in areas such as health care, education, transportation, and criminal justice.
Contemporary Issues: Exploring contemporary debates over federalism, including issues such as immigration, marijuana legalization, and environmental regulation.
Comparative Federalism: Comparing and contrasting the federal systems of other countries, such as Canada, Germany, and Australia, to gain a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of federalism.
Future of Federalism: Considering the challenges and opportunities facing federalism in the 21st century and assessing the prospects for its continued viability and relevance.
Dual federalism: In this type, the federal and the state governments operate in isolation from each other, with each having independent and distinct powers.
Cooperative federalism: Here, the federal and state governments work together to solve common problems, sharing responsibilities and resources while still maintaining a separate identity.
Fiscal federalism: This type of federalism refers to the distribution of financial resources between the federal and state governments.
New Federalism: It involves decentralizing the powers of the central government and giving more control and responsibility to state governments.
Competitive Federalism: It refers to the competition among different states to attract businesses and investment by providing favorable policies and infrastructure.
Creative Federalism: In this type of federalism, the federal government offers funding to state and local governments, but they must follow certain guidelines and meet specific criteria.
Marble Cake federalism: This type of federalism is known as "cooperative federalism" or "interstate federalism". In this type, the powers of the federal and state governments are mixed in practice.
Permissive federalism: In this type, the federal government allows states to operate as they see fit, except in areas specifically reserved for federal control.
Progressive Federalism: It prioritizes inter-governmental collaboration, balancing state and federal interests, and engages local stakeholders in policy-making.
Regulated Federalism: It involves the federal government’s use of grants-in-aid to exercise control over state and local governments, often in the areas of environmental protection, education, and law enforcement, among others.
Full Faith and Credit Federalism: It is a clause in the Constitution that mandates that states honor the "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.".
Coercive Federalism: In this type, the federal government pressures state governments to comply with federal policies by withholding funding or imposing penalties.
"Federalism differs from confederalism, in which the general level of government is subordinate to the regional level."
"Federalism differs from devolution within a unitary state, in which the regional level of government is subordinate to the general level."
"Federalism in the modern era was first adopted in the unions of states during the Old Swiss Confederacy."
"Examples include Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Germany, India, Iraq, Malaysia, Mexico, Micronesia, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Russia, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates, and the United States."
"Some characterize the European Union as the pioneering example of federalism in a multi-state setting."
"Federalism combines a general government with regional governments in a single political system."
"Powers are divided between the general government and regional governments in federalism."
"The less integrated side of federalism is confederalism."
"The more integrated side of federalism is devolution within a unitary state."
"The modern era adoption of federalism was during the Old Swiss Confederacy."
"The European Union is described as the pioneering example of federalism in a multi-state setting."
"Devolution within a unitary state involves a regional level subordinate to the general level."
"Regional governments can be provincial, state, cantonal, territorial, or other sub-unit governments."
"The central form in the pathway of regional integration or separation is bounded by confederalism on one side and devolution within a unitary state on the other."
"Examples of federal provinces or states include Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Germany, India, Iraq, Malaysia, Mexico, Micronesia, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Russia, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates, and the United States."
"Federalism is characterized by a combination of general and regional governments in a single political system."
"The pioneering example of federalism in a multi-state setting is termed the 'federal union of states' in the European Union."
"Federalism represents the central form in the pathway of regional integration or separation."
"Federalism divides the powers between the general government and regional governments."