- "Punishment, commonly, is the imposition of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome upon a group or individual, meted out by an authority..." - "The reasoning for punishment may be to condition a child to avoid self-endangerment, to impose social conformity, to defend norms, to protect against future harms, and to maintain the law..."
The study of the methods used to punish and rehabilitate criminals, including imprisonment, probation, and community service.
History of Corrections: This topic covers the history of punishment and imprisonment and how it has evolved over time.
Types of Correctional Facilities: This topic covers the various types of facilities in which individuals can be detained, including jails, prisons, and halfway houses.
Theories of Rehabilitation: This topic covers the various theories and strategies used to rehabilitate offenders and prepare them for reintegration into society.
Sentencing and Punishment: This topic covers the various types of sentences and punishments available to the criminal justice system.
Probation and Parole: This topic covers the alternatives to incarceration, including probation and parole, as well as the conditions and requirements that come with these alternatives.
Mental Health in Corrections: This topic covers the intersection of mental health and the criminal justice system, including the screening and treatment of mental health disorders in offenders.
Dealing with Substance Abuse: This topic covers the screening, treatment, and management of substance abuse issues in offenders.
Victimization in Corrections: This topic covers the risk of victimization faced by offenders, including sexual assault, physical violence, and abuse by staff.
Planned and Unplanned Disruption: This topic covers what happens when there is a planned or unplanned event that causes a disruption in the correctional facility, such as a riot, escape, or natural disaster.
Ethics and Professionalism in Corrections: This topic covers the ethical and professional responsibilities of individuals who work in corrections, including codes of conduct, confidentiality, and maintaining professional relationships with offenders.
Institutional corrections: Refers to the custodial detention of criminals in prisons and jails. Inmates are physically confined within the institution for a period of time.
Community corrections: Community corrections are non-institutional correctional programs that are designed to provide offenders with alternatives to prison or jail. These programs include probation, parole, and halfway houses.
Probation: Probation is a non-custodial form of rehabilitation where an offender is released into the community under the supervision of a probation officer.
Parole: Parole is a form of early release from prison, where an offender is released into the community under the supervision of a parole officer.
Halfway houses: Halfway houses are designed to help offenders reintegrate back into society after being released from prison or jail. They provide a stable environment with support and supervision.
Boot camps: Boot camps are a type of military-style discipline, where offenders undergo rigorous physical training and drill exercises designed to build discipline and respect for authority.
Drug treatment programs: These programs are designed to help offenders struggling with drug addiction to overcome their dependency.
Electronic monitoring: Electronic monitoring is a form of community corrections where an offender wears an electronic device that tracks their movements and whereabouts.
Restorative justice: Restorative justice involves both the offender and victim in the rehabilitation process, focusing on making amends, repairing relationships and restoring harm.
Correctional education: Correctional education programs are designed to provide offenders with educational and vocational training to help prepare them for re-entry into society.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a form of counseling designed to help offenders modify their thinking patterns, behaviors, and attitudes towards crime.
Sex offender treatment programs: Sex offender treatment programs are designed to help offenders overcome their sexual deviance and provide them with the necessary tools to prevent future offenses.
- "It is possible to distinguish between various different understandings of what punishment is."
- "The unpleasant imposition may include a fine, penalty, or confinement, or be the removal or denial of something pleasant or desirable." - "Punishments differ in their degree of severity and may include sanctions such as reprimands, deprivations of privileges or liberty, fines, incarcerations, ostracism..."
- "The individual may be a person, or even an animal."
- "The authority may be either a group or a single person..."
- "Negative consequences that are not authorized or that are administered without a breach of rules are not considered to be punishment..."
- "The study and practice of the punishment of crimes, particularly as it applies to imprisonment, is called penology, or, often in modern texts, corrections."
- "Justifications for punishment include retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and incapacitation."
- "The reasoning for punishment may be... to protect against future harms (in particular, those from violent crime)..."
- "The punishment process is euphemistically called 'correctional process'."
- "Corporal punishment refers to punishments in which physical pain is intended to be inflicted upon the transgressor."
- "Punishments may be judged as fair or unfair in terms of their degree of reciprocity and proportionality to the offense."
- "Punishment can be an integral part of socialization, and punishing unwanted behavior is often part of a system of pedagogy or behavioral modification..."
- "In other situations, breaking a rule may be rewarded, and so receiving such a reward naturally does not constitute punishment."
- "The reasoning for punishment may be... to maintain the law—and respect for rule of law—under which the social group is governed."
- "Justifications for punishment include... deterrence..."
- "The reasoning for punishment may be... to impose social conformity (in particular, in the contexts of compulsory education or military discipline)..."
- "The reasoning for punishment may be... to protect against future harms (in particular, those from violent crime)..."
- "Punishment may be self-inflicted as with self-flagellation and mortification of the flesh in the religious setting..."
- "The reasoning for punishment may be... to defend norms..."