"Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behavior of animals, usually with a scientific focus on behavior under natural conditions, and viewing behavior as an evolutionarily adaptive trait. Behaviorism, on the other hand, refers to the scientific and objective study of animal behavior, usually measured responses to stimuli or trained behavioral responses in a laboratory context, without a particular emphasis on evolutionary adaptivity."
The behavior or action of an organism in reaction to a stimulus.
Classical Conditioning: A type of learning where an originally neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.
Operant Conditioning: A type of learning where a behavior is reinforced or punished to increase or decrease its likelihood of occurring in the future.
Extinction: The process by which a behavior or response that was previously reinforced or punished gradually decreases in frequency when the reinforcement or punishment stops.
Spontaneous Recovery: The return of a previously extinguished response after a period of time without reinforcement.
Stimulus Generalization: The tendency for a response that has been conditioned to one stimulus to occur in response to similar stimuli.
Discrimination: The ability to distinguish between similar but distinct stimuli and respond appropriately.
Higher Order Conditioning: The process by which a previously neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through its association with a previously conditioned stimulus.
Blocking: The phenomenon by which the prior conditioning of one stimulus blocks the conditioning of another stimulus.
Latent Inhibition: The phenomenon by which a previously familiar or pre-exposed stimulus is less likely to become a condition stimulus.
Aversive Conditioning: A type of conditioning where an unpleasant stimulus is paired with a behavior to decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future.
Classical conditioning response: Also known as Pavlovian response, it refers to a type of response where a neutral stimulus comes to evoke a response after being paired with a biologically significant stimulus such as food or water.
Operant conditioning response: It refers to a type of response that is learned through the consequences of behavior. It involves the use of reinforcement and punishment techniques to modify behavior.
Habituation response: Also known as behavioral adaptation, it refers to a type of response where an organism's behavioral response to a stimulus reduces over time because the individual learns that the stimulus is neither harmful nor rewarding.
Sensitization response: It is a type of response where an organism's behavior response to a stimulus increases over time because the individual learns that the stimulus is significant and requires attention.
Social learning response: It refers to a type of response where an individual learns by observing the behavior of others within their social environment. It is a type of learning that occurs through modeling or imitation.
Cognitive learning response: It is a type of response where individuals learn by actively processing information from their environment. It involves the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information from memory.
Emotion-based learning response: It is a type of response where individuals learn through the emotional responses elicited by stimuli in their environment. It involves the association of emotions with stimuli, which can affect future behavior and decision-making.
"Ethology has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of the late 19th and early 20th century, including Charles O. Whitman, Oskar Heinroth, and Wallace Craig."
"The modern discipline of ethology is generally considered to have begun during the 1930s with the work of Dutch biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen and Austrian biologists Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch, the three recipients of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine."
"Ethology combines laboratory and field science, with a strong relation to some other disciplines such as neuroanatomy, ecology, and evolutionary biology."
"Since the dawn of the 21st century, researchers have re-examined and reached new conclusions regarding many aspects of animal communication, emotions, culture, learning, and sexuality that the scientific community long thought it understood."
"Understanding ethology or animal behavior can be important in animal training as it enables trainers to select the individuals best suited to perform the required task."
"It also enables trainers to encourage the performance of naturally occurring behaviors and the discontinuance of undesirable behaviors."
"Ethologists typically show interest in a behavioral process rather than in a particular animal group, and often study one type of behavior, such as aggression, in a number of unrelated species."
"The main areas of study within ethology include animal communication, emotions, culture, learning, and sexuality."
"Ethology studies the behavior of animals under natural conditions, focusing on behavior as an evolutionarily adaptive trait."
"Ethology views behavior as an evolutionarily adaptive trait, considering how it has shaped and benefited animal species over time."
"Ethology combines laboratory and field science, suggesting the importance of both controlled laboratory experiments and observations in natural environments."
"The study of ethology has led to new conclusions and insights regarding animal communication, such as the varied methods and signals used by different species."
"New fields, such as neuroethology, have developed, indicating ongoing growth and exploration within the discipline."
"Considering the natural behaviors of different species or breeds enables trainers to select the individuals best suited to perform the required task."
"Behaviorism refers to the scientific and objective study of animal behavior, usually measured responses to stimuli or trained behavioral responses in a laboratory context."
"Ethology has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin, who extensively studied aspects of animal behavior."
"In the late 19th and early 20th century, influential ornithologists such as Charles O. Whitman, Oskar Heinroth, and Wallace Craig contributed to the early understanding of ethology."
"Ethology has a strong relation to other disciplines such as neuroanatomy, ecology, and evolutionary biology."
"Ethology studies behavior as an evolutionarily adaptive trait, shedding light on how specific behaviors have contributed to the survival and adaptation of different animal species."