Semiconductors

Basic Concepts of Solid-state Physics: This includes concepts such as crystal structure, lattice vibrations, and energy bands.

Semiconductors: This topic deals specifically with the properties and behavior of semiconductors, including doping and intrinsic/extrinsic semiconductor behavior.

Electronic Properties of Materials: This includes concepts such as conductivity, resistivity, and energy band diagrams.

Junctions and Diodes: This topic covers the behavior and applications of semiconductor junctions, including p-n junctions and diodes.

Transistors: This topic focuses on the properties and applications of different types of transistors, including bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and field-effect transistors (FETs).

Optical Properties of Materials: This includes the study of how semiconductors interact with light and the use of semiconductors in optoelectronic devices.

Fabrication and Processing of Semiconductors: This is a topic covering the methods and techniques used in the manufacture and processing of semiconductor devices.

Electronic Devices and Circuits: This involves the design and analysis of semiconductor circuits and devices, including amplifiers, oscillators, and filters.

Advanced Topics: This includes advanced topics such as quantum mechanics, tunneling, and superconductivity in semiconductors.

Applications of Semiconductors: This covers the wide range of applications of semiconductors, including integrated circuits, solar cells, and sensors.

Intrinsic semiconductors: Intrinsic semiconductors are pure semiconductors that don't have any doping impurities. They have a balanced number of free electrons and holes and have an energy gap of approximately 1.1-1.4 eV.

Extrinsic semiconductors: Extrinsic semiconductors are doped semiconductors that have deliberately introduced doping impurities to modify the conductivity properties. This type of semiconductor can be n-type or p-type.

N-type semiconductors: They are doped semiconductors that contain excess electrons introduced through doping such as arsenic or phosphorus. The excess electrons make these semiconductors conductive and able to act as electric Currents.

P-type semiconductors: They are doped semiconductors that contain doped atoms of lower valence like Boron, they tend to want to get another electron in order to have a full valence shell. As a result, they try to capture free electrons, leaving behind holes which are considered as mobile positive charges.

Hybrid Semiconductors: These are organic-inorganic hybrid semiconductors that contain both molecules and inorganic atoms. Hybrid semiconductors possess an intermediate range of energy gap between organic and inorganic semiconductor materials.

Thin-film Semiconductors: Thin-film semiconductors are typically used in the manufacturing of electronic devices such as solar cells and LED displays. They're produced using a process known as thin-film deposition, which involves growing thin layers of material on a substrate.

Compound Semiconductors: These are made from different elements combined in various ratios, such as Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) and Gallium Nitride (GaN). They possess higher electron mobility and consequently better electronic properties than traditional silicon.

Organic Semiconductors: Organic semiconductors are composed of carbon-based materials. They have lower densities than inorganic semiconductors generally making them more lightweight and easier to work with. They have a lower energy gap which makes them useful for creating OLED displays.

Single Crystal Semiconductors: Single crystal semiconductors are produced by growing a semiconductor material in a single crystal form. They possess high electronic quality and have a much higher electron mobility than their polycrystalline counterparts.

Amorphous Semiconductors: Amorphous Semiconductors don't have a long-range order in their structure, as opposed to single crystals. They're used in thin-film transistors, LED displays, and solar cells, due to its transparency and flexibility.

Metamorphic Semiconductors: They are compound semiconductors that have strain engineered into their structure resulting in an altered electronic structure from their original crystalline structure. This the feature that makes these materials unique, enabling them to possess higher electron mobility than standard semiconductors.

Magnetic Semiconductors: These are semiconductors that display ferromagnetic behavior, meaning they have a permanent magnetic moment. They're presently used in spintronic applications, where their spin and magnetic moment are used to carry and manipulate electronic information.