"Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, who discovered it on November 8, 1895."
High-energy electromagnetic radiation that is produced artificially through the use of an X-ray machine. It has high penetrating ability and can only be stopped by thick materials such as lead.
Electromagnetic spectrum: X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light.
Discovery and history of X-rays: Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895, and their discovery revolutionized medicine.
Production of X-rays: X-rays are produced using a cathode-ray tube or by irradiating a target material such as tungsten with high-energy electrons.
Properties of X-rays: X-rays are highly penetrating and can pass through most materials, including the human body.
X-ray interactions with matter: X-rays can be absorbed or scattered when they interact with matter, leading to different types of imaging techniques.
X-ray detectors: Modern X-ray detectors are typically made of scintillating materials, which convert X-rays into visible light.
X-ray imaging techniques: Common X-ray imaging techniques include radiography, computed tomography (CT), fluoroscopy, mammography, and dental radiography.
Radiation safety and protection: X-rays can be dangerous to human health, leading to strict protocols and guidelines for radiation protection in medical and industrial settings.
Radioactivity and nuclear decay: Radioactive materials emit radiation as they decay, and this process can be hazardous to human health.
Types of radioactive decay: There are several types of radioactive decay, including alpha, beta, and gamma decay.
Units of radiation measurement: Radiation exposure is measured in units such as sieverts (Sv) and becquerels (Bq).
Effects of radiation exposure: Radiation exposure can cause both short-term and long-term health effects, depending on the dose and type of radiation.
Nuclear power: Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission to generate electricity, and this process produces radioactive waste.
Medical uses of radioactivity: Radioactive isotopes can be used in medicine for imaging and treatment purposes.
Environmental and societal impacts of radiation: Large-scale radiation events, such as the Chernobyl disaster, can have significant environmental and societal impacts.
Alpha Particles: These consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium nucleus. They are heavy and have a short range, so they are usually stopped by anything more substantial than a piece of paper.
Beta Particles: These are electrons emitted from the nucleus. They are lighter and travel further than alpha particles, but are still stopped quite easily, typically by a thin sheet of metal or plastic.
Gamma Rays: These are high-energy photons emitted by the nucleus. They have no mass or charge and are highly penetrating, so they can only be stopped by dense shielding, such as concrete or lead.
Alpha Decay: Atoms that undergo alpha decay emit alpha particles, losing two protons and two neutrons from their nucleus.
Beta Decay: Atoms that undergo beta decay emit an electron or a positron.
Gamma Decay: Atoms that undergo gamma decay emit gamma rays or high-energy photons.
"In many languages, it is referred to as Röntgen radiation."
"He named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation."
"X-ray wavelengths are shorter than those of UV rays and longer than those of gamma rays."
"There is no universally accepted, strict definition of the bounds of the X-ray band."
"Roughly, X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 nanometers to 10 picometers."
"Corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz."
"Energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV."
"X-rays are widely used in medical diagnostics, e.g., checking for broken bones."
"X-rays are used in material science for identification of some chemical elements and detecting weak points in construction materials."
"No other individual is credited with the discovery of X-rays."
"Yes, X-rays have applications beyond medical diagnostics, such as in material science."
"In English, it is spelled X-ray(s), x-ray(s), xray(s), or X ray(s)."
"The unit used for measuring X-ray wavelength is nanometers or picometers."
"Yes, X-ray radiation can penetrate certain materials."
"The energy of X-rays is much higher than that of visible light."
"Yes, X-rays are a high-energy electromagnetic radiation."
"X-rays have lower energy compared to gamma rays."
"Yes, X-rays can be used to reveal internal structures of the human body."
"The frequency range for X-rays is 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×10^16 Hz to 3×10^19 Hz)."