"The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the means for achieving this."
Measures taken to protect people and the environment from the harmful effects of radiation.
Definition of Radiation: This topic involves an overview of electromagnetic and particle radiation, including radioactivity and radioactive decay.
Properties of Radiation: This topic covers the characteristics of radiation such as energy, ionization, and penetration ability.
Sources of Radiation: This topic involves the sources of radiation, both natural and man-made.
Radiation Dosimetry: This topic is about the quantification and measurement of radiation exposure, including different units and methods of measurement.
Biological Effects of Radiation: This topic involves an explanation of how different levels of radiation exposure affect living organisms (humans, animals, and plants).
Radiation Protection Standards and Regulations: This topic covers the standards and regulations that govern radiation protection and safety across different industries.
Radiation Detection and Monitoring: This topic involves the types and methods of radiation detection and monitoring, including different types of detectors.
Protection from Ionizing Radiation: This topic discusses the various strategies and technologies designed to protect individuals and the environment from ionizing radiation's harmful effects.
Environmental Radiation: This topic is about radiation exposure that occurs in the natural environment and steps that can be taken to minimize exposure.
Medical Radiation Protection: This topic involves the use of radiation in medical procedures, including the risks of exposure and protection methods for radiation workers and patients.
Occupational Radiation Protection: This topic is about protecting radiation workers from exposure and ensuring their safety while working.
Emergency Planning and Response: This topic is about planning and responding to radiation emergencies, including contingency planning and incident response.
Radioactive waste management: This topic explains how radioactive waste is handled, stored, and disposed of to ensure the safety of the environment and human health.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): This includes items such as radiation suits, gloves, face shields, respirators, and other equipment designed to protect individuals from exposure to radioactive materials.
Shielding: This involves using dense materials such as lead, concrete, and steel walls to block or limit the penetration of radiation.
Engineering Controls: These are physical barriers, ventilation systems, and isolation rooms that reduce exposure to radiation by containing it or removing it from the environment.
ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable): This is a principle that emphasizes the minimizing of radiation exposure through careful planning, training, and strict adherence to safety protocols.
Time, Distance, and Shielding (TDS): This approach involves reducing exposure to radiation by limiting the amount of time spent in radioactive environments, increasing the distance from radiation sources, and using effective shielding.
Radiation Monitoring: This involves regularly monitoring the levels of radiation in the environment or equipment to ensure that it is safe for use.
Emergency Preparedness: This involves having contingency plans in place for responding to radiation emergencies and taking appropriate action to minimize the risk of exposure.
Education and Training: This involves raising awareness about radiation safety through education and training programs for workers and the public.
Radiation Dosimetry: This involves measuring the amount of radiation a person has been exposed to over a given period of time.
Radioactive Waste Management: This includes the proper disposal of radioactive materials to prevent contamination of the environment, and minimize the risk of exposure to the public.
"Exposure can be from a source of radiation external to the human body or due to internal irradiation caused by the ingestion of radioactive contamination."
"At high exposures, it can cause 'tissue' effects, also called 'deterministic' effects due to the certainty of them happening, conventionally indicated by the unit gray and resulting in acute radiation syndrome. For low-level exposures, there can be statistically elevated risks of radiation-induced cancer, called 'stochastic effects' due to the uncertainty of them happening, conventionally indicated by the unit sievert."
"The avoidance or reduction of dose using the simple protective measures of time, distance, and shielding."
"The duration of exposure should be limited to that necessary."
"The distance from the source of radiation should be maximized."
"The source or the target should be shielded wherever possible."
"For external radiation personal dosimeters are used."
"For internal dose to due to ingestion of radioactive contamination, bioassay techniques are applied."
"The International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) and International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) publish recommendations and data."
"The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation."
"Conventionally indicated by the unit gray."
"Tissue effects due to the certainty of them happening, resulting in acute radiation syndrome."
"Statistically elevated risks of radiation-induced cancer due to the uncertainty of them happening."
"The duration of exposure should be limited to that necessary."
"The distance from the source of radiation should be maximized."
"The source or the target should be shielded wherever possible."
"For external radiation personal dosimeters are used."
"Bioassay techniques are applied."
"Recommendations and data used to calculate the biological effects on the human body of certain levels of radiation and advise acceptable dose uptake limits."