"The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying all known elementary particles."
Brings together all the principles and concepts of QFT to describe the elementary particles and the interactions between them.
Quantum mechanics: The study of the behavior and interactions of particles on a quantum level; this underlies the framework of the Standard Model.
Special relativity: The theory that describes how the laws of physics remain invariant in all inertial frames of reference; this is necessary for understanding the behavior of particles moving at high speeds.
Symmetry and invariance: The fundamental principles that underlie the Standard Model and dictate the behavior of particles.
Gauge symmetry: The mathematical symmetry that describes the behavior of fundamental forces in the Standard Model.
Electroweak theory: The theory that unifies the electromagnetic and weak forces under the electroweak force; this is a crucial part of the Standard Model.
Quantum chromodynamics: The theory that describes the strong force and the interactions of quarks and gluons.
Higgs mechanism: The mechanism by which elementary particles acquire mass in the Standard Model.
Feynman diagrams: A graphical representation used to calculate the probability of particle interactions in quantum field theory.
Experimental evidence for the Standard Model: A survey of experimental observations that support the predictions of the Standard Model.
Beyond the Standard Model: An overview of some of the theoretical and experimental challenges to the Standard Model, including dark matter and neutrino oscillations.
Weak force: :.
Strong force: :.
Gravity: :.
"It was developed in stages throughout the latter half of the 20th century, through the work of many scientists worldwide, with the current formulation being finalized in the mid-1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks."
"Since then, proof of the top quark (1995), the tau neutrino (2000), and the Higgs boson (2012) have added further credence to the Standard Model."
"The Standard Model has predicted various properties of weak neutral currents and the W and Z bosons with great accuracy."
"It leaves some physical phenomena unexplained and so falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions." - "For example, it does not fully explain baryon asymmetry, incorporate the full theory of gravitation as described by general relativity, or account for the universe's accelerating expansion as possibly described by dark energy." - "The model does not contain any viable dark matter particle that possesses all of the required properties deduced from observational cosmology." - "It also does not incorporate neutrino oscillations and their non-zero masses."
"The development of the Standard Model was driven by theoretical and experimental particle physicists alike."
"The Standard Model is a paradigm of a quantum field theory for theorists, exhibiting a wide range of phenomena, including spontaneous symmetry breaking, anomalies, and non-perturbative behavior."
"It is used as a basis for building more exotic models that incorporate hypothetical particles, extra dimensions, and elaborate symmetries (such as supersymmetry) to explain experimental results at variance with the Standard Model, such as the existence of dark matter and neutrino oscillations."