Quote: "Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction."
The study of individual liberties and rights in a society, including freedom of speech, expression, and association.
The concept of freedom: This topic explores the meaning, definition, and classifications of freedom. It also discusses different perspectives on freedom, including positive and negative freedom.
The history of freedom: This topic delves into the history of freedom, including its origin, major thinkers on freedom, and different models of freedom that have developed over the years.
The relationship between freedom and justice: This topic examines the relationship between freedom and justice, and how freedom can be limited in the pursuit of justice.
The social contract theory: This topic explores the idea that freedom is a social construct that is established through a contract or agreement between individuals and the government.
Libertarianism: This topic discusses the ideology that advocates for maximum individual freedom and minimal government intervention in people's lives.
Republicanism: This topic explores the view that freedom is dependent on the preservation of certain conditions, such as free and fair elections, an independent judiciary, and a strong civil society.
Marxism: This topic discusses the Marxist perspective on freedom, which argues that true freedom can only be achieved through the abolition of class distinctions and the establishment of a communist society.
Feminism: This topic examines how the pursuit of women's rights and gender equality has been linked to the concept of freedom, with the recognition that women's freedom is often limited by social and cultural norms.
Multiculturalism: This topic explores the tension between freedom and cultural diversity, and how different cultures can have different conceptions of freedom.
Negative Freedom: Negative freedom refers to the absence of external constraints and interference, allowing individuals to act freely without obstacles or coercion.
Positive Freedom: Positive Freedom in philosophy refers to the ability and capacity of individuals to act autonomously and achieve their full potential.
Political Freedom: Political freedom refers to the ability of individuals to exercise their rights and participate in decision-making processes within a society, free from oppressive or authoritarian control.
Economic Freedom: Economic Freedom refers to the extent to which individuals and businesses can freely participate and make decisions in economic activities without interference from the government or external factors.
Civil Freedom: Civil freedom refers to the individual's liberty within a society, encompassing rights, protections, and limitations imposed by the state or governing body.
Cultural Freedom: Cultural freedom refers to the individual's ability to freely express and participate in their cultural practices, beliefs, and traditions without interference or oppression.
Educational Freedom: Educational freedom refers to the ability of individuals to choose and pursue their preferred educational opportunities without constraints imposed by external institutions or governments.
Religious Freedom: Religious Freedom refers to the principle that individuals have the right to practice and hold beliefs according to their religious convictions without coercion or restriction.
Sexual Freedom: Sexual freedom refers to the individual's right to freely express, engage in, and explore their sexuality without unjust societal restrictions or interference.
Personal Freedom: Personal Freedom is the philosophical inquiry into the extent to which individuals can make autonomous choices and pursue their own values and desires free from external constraints.
Quote: "The right to freedom of expression has been recognized as a human right in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international human rights law by the United Nations."
Quote: "Terms like free speech, freedom of speech, and freedom of expression are used interchangeably in political discourse."
Quote: "However, in a legal sense, the freedom of expression includes any activity of seeking, receiving, and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used."
Quote: "Article 19 of the UDHR states that 'everyone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference' and 'everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds."
Quote: "Therefore, may not be recognized as being absolute, and common limitations or boundaries to freedom of speech relate to libel, slander, obscenity, pornography, sedition, incitement, fighting words, hate speech, classified information, copyright violation, trade secrets, food labeling, non-disclosure agreements, the right to privacy, dignity, the right to be forgotten, public security, and perjury."
Quote: "Justifications for such include the harm principle, proposed by John Stuart Mill in On Liberty."
Quote: "The idea of the 'offense principle' is also used to justify speech limitations, describing the restriction on forms of expression deemed offensive to society."
Quote: "With the evolution of the digital age, application of freedom of speech becomes more controversial as new means of communication and restrictions arise, for example, the Golden Shield Project, an initiative by Chinese government's Ministry of Public Security that filters potentially unfavorable data from foreign countries."
Quote: "The Human Rights Measurement Initiative measures the right to opinion and expression for countries around the world, using a survey of in-country human rights experts."