Quote: "Human rights are moral principles or norms for certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected in municipal and international law."
What is considered a right, who is entitled to certain rights, and how these rights are protected.
Natural rights: The belief that certain rights are inherent to human beings, based on their nature or existence, and that they cannot be taken away by any authority or government.
Civil rights: The legal and political rights of citizens, including the right to vote, freedom of speech, and the right to a fair trial.
Human rights: The fundamental rights and freedoms that every person is entitled to, including the right to life, liberty and security, and the right to freedom from torture and slavery.
Property rights: The legal right to control and dispose of one's property as one sees fit.
Positive rights: The belief that individuals have the right to certain goods and services, such as healthcare and education, in addition to negative rights (rights to be free from harm or interference).
Negative rights: The right to be free from interference by others, including the government; for example, the right to freedom of speech is a negative right.
Individual rights: The rights afforded to individuals, as opposed to groups or communities.
Collective rights: The rights afforded to groups or communities, such as linguistic, cultural, or religious groups.
Social contract theory: The idea that individuals give up certain rights and freedoms to form a government, which then protects and provides certain benefits to them.
Natural law theory: The belief that certain laws and principles are universal and inherent in nature, and that governments must adhere to them in order to be legitimate.
Utilitarianism: A philosophical theory that states that actions should be taken to promote the greatest amount of happiness and benefit for the greatest number of people.
Libertarianism: A political philosophy that emphasizes individual freedom and minimal government intervention in economic and social affairs.
Egalitarianism: The belief that all individuals deserve equal rights and opportunities.
Socialism: An economic and political system characterized by collective ownership of resources, and the guiding principle of distributing resources and opportunities based on need.
Communism: A political and economic system in which resources and property are owned and managed collectively by the community or society as a whole.
Feminism: A political and social movement advocating for equal rights and opportunities for women.
Multiculturalism: A policy or philosophy that recognizes and respects the diversity of cultures and traditions within a society.
Globalization: The process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among individuals, economies, and societies on a global scale.
Humanitarian intervention: The use of military force or other interventions to protect human rights and prevent or stop gross violations of human dignity.
Sovereignty: The principle that a state or government has the authority to govern itself without outside interference or influence.
Natural Rights: These are the inherent rights that are bestowed upon every individual as a result of being a human being. Natural rights include right to life, liberty, and property.
Positive Rights: Positive rights are the rights that are granted by the government or society to individuals. These rights include rights to healthcare, education, and housing.
Negative Rights: Negative rights are the rights that require no action from others to be enjoyed. These are the rights to speech, assembly, and religion.
Civil Rights: Civil rights are the rights that protect an individual's freedom from infringement by the government. These rights include the right to vote, the right to a fair trial, and the right to privacy.
Political Rights: Political rights are the rights that individuals have to participate in the political system. These include the right to vote, the right to hold public office, and the right to take part in peaceful protests.
Legal Rights: Legal rights are the rights that are recognized and enforced by the law. These rights include the right to a fair trial, the right to own property, and the right to due process.
Human Rights: Human rights are the basic rights that every individual is entitled to, regardless of their nationality, race or ethnicity. These rights include the right to life, liberty, and security.
Economic Rights: Economic rights are the rights that allow individuals to participate fully in the economy, including the right to work, the right to a fair wage, and the right to form unions.
Cultural Rights: Cultural rights are the rights that protect the cultural heritage of individuals and communities. These rights include the right to language, religion, and customs.
Social Rights: Social rights are the rights that protect individuals from social exclusion and discrimination. These rights include the right to education, the right to healthcare, and the right to social security.
Quote: "They are commonly understood as inalienable, fundamental rights 'to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being' and which are 'inherent in all human beings'."
Quote: "They are applicable everywhere and at every time in the sense of being universal."
Quote: "They are egalitarian in the sense of being the same for everyone."
Quote: "They are regarded as requiring empathy and the rule of law and imposing an obligation on persons to respect the human rights of others."
Quote: "It is generally considered that they should not be taken away except as a result of due process based on specific circumstances."
Quote: "The doctrine of human rights has been highly influential within international law and global and regional institutions."
Quote: "The idea of human rights suggests that 'if the public discourse of peacetime global society can be said to have a common moral language, it is that of human rights'."
Quote: "The strong claims made by the doctrine of human rights continue to provoke considerable skepticism and debates about the content, nature, and justifications of human rights to this day."
Quote: "Some thinkers suggest that human rights should be a minimum requirement to avoid the worst-case abuses, while others see it as a higher standard."
Quote: "Many of the basic ideas that animated the human rights movement developed in the aftermath of the Second World War and the events of the Holocaust, culminating in the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Paris by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948."
Quote: "The true forerunner of human rights discourse was the concept of natural rights which appeared as part of the medieval natural law tradition that became prominent during the European Enlightenment..."
Quote: "From this foundation, the modern human rights arguments emerged over the latter half of the 20th century, possibly as a reaction to slavery, torture, genocide, and war crimes, as a realization of inherent human vulnerability and as being a precondition for the possibility of a just society."
Quote: "Human rights advocacy has continued into the early 21st century, centered around achieving greater economic and political freedom."
Quote: "They are regularly protected in municipal and international law."
Quote: "The precise meaning of the term right is controversial and is the subject of continued philosophical debate."
Quote: "It has also been argued that human rights are 'God-given', although this notion has been criticized."
Quote: "Ancient peoples did not have the same modern-day conception of universal human rights."
Quote: "Human rights should be a minimum requirement to avoid the worst-case abuses."
Quote: "There is disagreement about which of these particular rights should be included within the general framework of human rights."