"International Relations (IR) are the interactions among sovereign states."
The different types of relationships between states (e.g. cooperation, conflict), and how these relationships affect global politics.
Theories of International Relations: An overview of the different theoretical perspectives used to analyze and understand international politics, including realism, liberalism, constructivism, Marxism, and feminism.
International Organizations: An examination of the role and functions of international organizations such as the United Nations, World Bank, and International Monetary Fund in shaping global governance.
Globalization: A discussion on the economic, political, and cultural aspects of globalization and its impact on international relations.
International Security: An analysis of different security strategies and policies utilized in international relations, including deterrence, arms control, and military intervention.
International Law: An exploration of the principles, norms, and rules that govern international relations and the role of international institutions such as the International Court of Justice.
Diplomacy and Negotiation: A study of the processes, mechanisms, and strategies used in diplomatic relations and negotiations between states and non-state actors.
Conflict and Peace: An examination of the causes and dynamics of conflicts, strategies for conflict resolution and peace-building, and the role of peacekeeping operations.
Global Governance: An exploration of the various forms of governance at the international level and the difficulties of creating and enforcing global regulations.
Human Rights and Development: An analysis of the relationship between human rights and development, including the role of international actors in promoting and protecting human rights.
Environmental Politics: A discussion on the impact of global environmental issues on international relations, including the role of international agreements such as the Paris Agreement.
Liberalism: Emphasizes the importance of cooperation and mutual benefits among nations, with a focus on the role of international institutions to create a more peaceful and prosperous world.
Realism: Assumes that international politics is a struggle for power among nations, with each state acting in its own self-interest to secure its survival and national interest.
Constructivism: Focuses on the importance of ideas, norms, and social constructivism in shaping international relations.
Marxism: Emphasizes the role of economic and class interests in shaping international relations, with an emphasis on the exploitation of the weaker states by the stronger.
Feminism: Examines the role of gender in international politics, with a focus on the ways in which gender shapes power relations and decision-making processes.
Green Theory: Emphasizes the importance of environmental protection and sustainability in international relations, with a focus on global ecological issues.
Postcolonialism: Emphasizes the legacy of colonialism and imperialism in shaping contemporary global politics, with an emphasis on power differentials and the marginalization of the Global South.
Critical Theory: Examines the role of power, justice, and equality in shaping international politics, with a focus on the ways in which power relations and structures can be reimagined and transformed.
Neoliberalism: Emphasizes the importance of free markets and individual economic freedom in shaping international relations, with a focus on trade and economic globalization.
International Ethics: Emphasizes the importance of moral values and ethical principles in guiding international relations, with a focus on issues such as human rights, democracy, and global justice.
"It concerns all activities among states—such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy—as well as relations with and among other international actors."
"Other international actors, such as intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs)."
"There are several schools of thought within IR, of which the most prominent are realism, liberalism, and constructivism."
"International relations is widely classified as a major subdiscipline of political science."
"It also often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, law, philosophy, sociology, and history."
"International relations did not become a discrete field until 1919."
"...first offered as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth University in the United Kingdom."
"...in response to the geostrategic concerns of the Cold War."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization in the late 20th century."
"The scientific study of those interactions is called international studies, international politics, or international affairs."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization."
"Itergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs)."
"...such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy."
"...particularly in North America and Western Europe."
"International relations is widely classified as a major subdiscipline of political science."
"...geostrategic concerns of the Cold War."
"It also often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, law, philosophy, sociology, and history."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization."
"...war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy."