"Phenomenology is the philosophical study of objectivity – and reality more generally – as subjectively lived and experienced."
Explanation of how Phenomenology is used as a research technique in studying human experiences.
Intentionality: This is the fundamental aspect of Phenomenology, which refers to how consciousness is always directed towards objects.
Epoché: This is a method of Phenomenology, which involves suspending one’s judgment and allowing oneself to perceive things as they appear.
Reduction: The aim is to reduce the complexity of experience by breaking it down into smaller parts and analyzing each part's meaning.
Eidetic reduction: It is the uncovering of the essential nature of things by imaginative variation.
Transcendental Phenomenology: The study of consciousness as a whole, as well as the conditions that make it possible.
Phenomenological description: A detailed description of a phenomenon as it appears in consciousness.
Phenomenological method: A method of inquiry used in phenomenology to analyze how things appear in consciousness.
Husserl’s ideas: The foundational text of Phenomenology, offering a comprehensive approach to the nature of consciousness.
Heidegger’s Being and Time: This work offers a distinctive approach to Phenomenology, emphasizing the role of time and being in human experience.
Sartre’s Existential Phenomenology: It emphasizes personal meaning and the responsibility of the individual.
Merleau-Ponty’s embodied Phenomenology: A view of experience that emphasizes the role of the body in perception and in making sense of the world.
Lebenswelt: The world as experienced and known subjectively.
The role of language: Phenomenology emphasizes the importance of language in shaping our understanding of the world.
The interplay between subjectivity and objectivity: Phenomenology seeks to account for the relationship between personal experience and objective reality.
Hermeneutics: The study of interpretation and understanding, often used in Phenomenology to explain how we make sense of the world around us.
Transcendental Phenomenology: This method explores the essential structures of consciousness and how they influence our perception of the world.
Descriptive Phenomenology: This method aims to describe subjective experience as it is, without making any assumptions or interpretations. It involves bracketing or setting aside preconceptions to observe phenomena as they appear.
Hermeneutic Phenomenology: This method focuses on the interpretation of subjective experience, whereby the subject actively engages with the world and other people to derive meaning from their experiences.
Existential Phenomenology: This method is interested in how humans experience themselves and their world in terms of values, meaning, and existence. It explores the existential questions of human existence.
Phenomenological Psychology: This method applies phenomenology to the study of psychology, emphasizing subjective experience and inward reflection as central to understanding human behavior.
Genetic Phenomenology: This method explores the historical and developmental aspects of experience and how they shape our understanding of the world.
Empirical Phenomenology: This method uses empirical data in conjunction with phenomenology to explore subjective experience and behavior.
Intersubjective Phenomenology: This method focuses on the interaction between subjects and how they influence one another's experiences.
Post-Phenomenology: This method explores the role of technology and how it affects human perception and experience.
Social Phenomenology: This method is interested in the ways in which social structures and cultural norms influence individual experience, behavior, and perception.
"It seeks to investigate the universal features of consciousness while avoiding assumptions about the external world."
"Aiming to describe phenomena as they appear to the subject, and to explore the meaning and significance of the lived experiences."
"This approach has found many applications in qualitative research across different scientific disciplines, especially in the social sciences, humanities, psychology, and cognitive science."
"But also in fields as diverse as health sciences, architecture, and human-computer interaction, among many others."
"Phenomenology is contrasted with phenomenalism, which reduces mental states and physical objects to complexes of sensations."
"And with psychologism, which treats logical truths or epistemological principles as the products of human psychology."
"Transcendental phenomenology, as outlined by Edmund Husserl, aims to arrive at an objective understanding of the world via the discovery of universal logical structures in human subjective experience."
"Other types include hermeneutic, genetic, and embodied phenomenology."
"There are important differences in the ways that different branches of phenomenology approach subjectivity."
"According to Martin Heidegger, truths are contextually situated and dependent on the historical, cultural, and social context in which they emerge."
"All these different branches of phenomenology may be seen as representing different philosophies despite sharing the common foundational approach of phenomenological inquiry."
"The application of phenomenology in these fields aims to gain a deeper understanding of subjective experience, rather than focusing on behavior."
"It seeks to investigate the universal features of consciousness while avoiding assumptions about the external world."
"Aiming to describe phenomena as they appear to the subject, and to explore the meaning and significance of the lived experiences."
"All these different branches of phenomenology may be seen as representing different philosophies despite sharing the common foundational approach of phenomenological inquiry."
"But also in fields as diverse as health sciences, architecture, and human-computer interaction, among many others."
"This approach has found many applications in qualitative research across different scientific disciplines, especially in the social sciences, humanities, psychology, and cognitive science."
"Phenomenology is contrasted with phenomenalism, which reduces mental states and physical objects to complexes of sensations, and with psychologism, which treats logical truths or epistemological principles as the products of human psychology."
"The application of phenomenology in these fields aims to gain a deeper understanding of subjective experience, rather than focusing on behavior."