Quote: "Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the ontology and nature of the mind and its relationship with the body."
The study of the nature of the mind and its relationship to the body, consciousness, and perception.
Dualism: The belief that the mind and body are separate entities.
Materialism: The belief that everything, including the mind, is composed of physical matter.
Idealism: The belief that the mind is the only reality and everything else only exists as a result of the mind's perception.
Functionalism: The belief that mental states are defined by their function rather than their physical makeup.
Identity theory: The belief that mental states are identical to brain states.
Property dualism: The belief that mental states are non-physical properties of physical things.
Phenomenal consciousness: The subjective experience of being aware of something.
Qualia: The subjective qualities of experiences.
Intentionality: The ability of the mind to direct itself towards objects and concepts.
Free will: The ability of an agent to make choices that are not determined by prior causes.
Determinism: The belief that all events, including mental events, are determined by prior causes.
Mental causation: The idea that mental events can cause physical events.
Mental representation: The idea that the mind represents the world in some way.
Artificial intelligence: The study of creating machines that can think and reason like humans.
Cognitive science: The interdisciplinary study of the mind, including its processes, functions, and underlying neural mechanisms.
Dualism: The belief that the mind and body are separate entities that interact with each other.
Monism: The belief that the mind and body are not separate entities but are one and the same.
Physicalism: The belief that only physical entities exist and that mental states and processes can be fully explained by physical processes.
Idealism: The belief that the mind and mental states are the only things that truly exist, and the physical world is an illusion.
Functionalism: The belief that mental states and processes are defined by their function or role, rather than by their physical properties.
Behaviorism: The belief that mental states and processes are best studied by focusing on observable behaviors and their environmental causes.
Cognitive Science: An interdisciplinary field that seeks to understand the mind and mental processes using insights from philosophy, psychology, computer science, and neuroscience.
Phenomenology: The study of subjective experience and the structure of consciousness, emphasizing the first-person perspective.
Neurophilosophy: The study of the relation between the brain and the mind, and the impact of neurological processes on mental states and processes.
Quote: "The mind–body problem is a paradigmatic issue in philosophy of mind."
Quote: "Hard problem of consciousness and the nature of particular mental states."
Quote: "Mental events, mental functions, mental properties, consciousness and its neural correlates, the ontology of the mind, the nature of cognition and of thought, and the relationship of the mind to the body."
Quote: "Dualism and monism are the two central schools of thought on the mind–body problem."
Quote: "Dualism finds its entry into Western philosophy thanks to René Descartes in the 17th century."
Quote: "Substance dualists like Descartes argue that the mind is an independently existing substance."
Quote: "Property dualists maintain that the mind is a group of independent properties that emerge from and cannot be reduced to the brain, but that it is not a distinct substance."
Quote: "This view was espoused by the 17th-century rationalist Baruch Spinoza."
Quote: "Physicalists argue that only entities postulated by physical theory exist."
Quote: "Idealists maintain that the mind is all that exists and that the external world is either mental itself, or an illusion created by the mind."
Quote: "Neutral monists such as Ernst Mach and William James argue that events in the world can be thought of as either mental (psychological) or physical depending on the network of relationships into which they enter."
Quote: "Behaviorism, the type identity theory, anomalous monism, and functionalism."
Quote: "Modern philosophers of mind adopt either a reductive physicalist or non-reductive physicalist position."
Quote: "Reductive physicalists assert that all mental states and properties will eventually be explained by scientific accounts of physiological processes and states."
Quote: "Non-reductive physicalists argue that although the mind is not a separate substance, mental properties supervene on physical properties."
Quote: "Continued neuroscientific progress has helped to clarify some of these issues."
Quote: "First, it is irreconcilable with self-identity over time. Secondly, intentional states of consciousness do not make sense on non-reductive physicalism. Thirdly, free will is impossible to reconcile with either reductive or non-reductive physicalism. Fourthly, it fails to properly explain the phenomenon of mental causation."
Quote: "Modern philosophers of mind continue to ask how the subjective qualities and the intentionality of mental states and properties can be explained in naturalistic terms."
Quote: "These approaches have been particularly influential in the sciences, especially in the fields of sociobiology, computer science (specifically, artificial intelligence), evolutionary psychology, and the various neurosciences."