"Existentialism is a form of philosophical inquiry that explores the issue of human existence."
Alienation is a feeling of disconnection or estrangement that individuals may experience in modern society. It is often associated with existentialism, as the movement seeks to address the sense of isolation and meaninglessness that can arise from living in a world without absolute values or meaning.
Existentialism: A philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom, choice, and responsibility in a meaningless and absurd world.
Marx's theory of alienation: A concept coined by Karl Marx to describe the estrangement of individuals from their own labor, from each other, and from society as a whole.
Hegelian dialectics: A method of philosophical inquiry that involves the examination of opposing ideas or concepts in order to arrive at a synthesis or resolution.
Psychoanalytic theory: A theoretical approach to understanding human behavior and personality that emphasizes the role of unconscious desires, fears, and conflicts.
Postmodernism: A cultural and intellectual movement that questions traditional notions of truth, identity, and meaning.
Phenomenology: A branch of philosophy that studies the structure of human consciousness and experience.
Subjectivity: The quality of being a subject, or an individual with beliefs, desires, and emotions that are unique to oneself.
Freedom: The ability to act, think, and make choices without external or internal constraints.
Authenticity: The quality of being true to oneself, one's values, and one's beliefs.
Identity: The set of characteristics or traits that distinguish oneself from others and give meaning to one's existence.
Social alienation: A condition in which individuals are isolated, marginalized, or excluded from society due to factors such as race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.
Economic alienation: The separation of workers from the ownership or control of the means of production, resulting in a loss of autonomy and a sense of powerlessness.
Existential anxiety: The fear or apprehension that arises from the awareness of one's own mortality and the limitations of one's existence.
Death: The inevitability of one's own mortality and the fear or uncertainty that arises from it.
Authentic work: The notion that individuals can find meaning and purpose in their work by engaging in tasks that are personally fulfilling and aligned with their values.
Authentic relationships: The notion that individuals can form meaningful connections with others by being vulnerable, honest, and true to themselves.
Nihilism: The belief that life has no inherent meaning or purpose.
Absurdity: The notion that human existence is fundamentally irrational and meaningless.
Angst: A term used in existential philosophy to describe the feeling of anxiety, dread, or uncertainty that arises from the awareness of one's mortality and the uncertainty of the future.
Humanism: A philosophical movement that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively.
Alienation from oneself: A feeling of disconnection or separation from oneself, often caused by a lack of purpose, meaning or authenticity in one's life. This can lead to depression, anxiety, and feelings of emptiness.
Alienation from others: A sense of isolation or detachment from those around us, including family, friends, and society. This can arise from a lack of shared values or interests, or from feeling misunderstood or marginalized.
Alienation from nature: A feeling of being disconnected from the natural world, often caused by urbanization and technology. This can lead to a sense of loss or longing for something that is primal and authentic.
Alienation from work: A sense of detachment or estrangement from one's labor or profession, either due to a lack of interest or passion, or from feeling exploited or unfulfilled.
Alienation from time: A sense of dislocation or disorientation with regard to the passage of time, often caused by a lack of purpose or meaning in one's life. This can lead to a feeling of boredom or despair.
Alienation from death: A sense of anxiety or fear about the inevitability of death, often exacerbated by a culture that avoids or denies the reality of death. This can lead to existential questions about the purpose and meaning of life.
"Existentialist philosophers explore questions related to the meaning, purpose, and value of human existence."
"Common concepts in existentialist thought include existential crisis, dread, and anxiety in the face of an absurd world, as well as authenticity, courage, and virtue."
"Among the earliest figures associated with existentialism are philosophers Søren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, and novelist Fyodor Dostoevsky."
"All of them critiqued rationalism and concerned themselves with the problem of meaning."
"Prominent existentialist thinkers included Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, Martin Heidegger, Simone de Beauvoir, Karl Jaspers, Gabriel Marcel, and Paul Tillich."
"Classical and contemporary thinkers include C.L.R James, Frederick Douglass, W.E.B DuBois, Frantz Fanon, Angela Davis, Cornell West, Naomi Zack, Stuart Hall, bell hooks, Lewis Gordon, and Audre Lorde."
"Many existentialists considered traditional systematic or academic philosophies, in style and content, to be too abstract and removed from concrete human experience."
"A primary virtue in existentialist thought is authenticity."
"Existentialism would influence many disciplines outside of philosophy, including theology, drama, art, literature, and psychology."
"A central tenet of existentialism is that personal freedom, individual responsibility, and deliberate choice are essential to the pursuit of self-discovery and the determination of life's meaning." Note: The remaining questions will not have direct quotes within the paragraph.