Quote: "Human rights are moral principles or norms for certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected in municipal and international law."
The study of individual and collective freedoms and rights, including protection from abuse by governments and non-state actors.
History of human rights: The evolution of the concept of human rights throughout history, from ancient civilizations to the modern era.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR): The foundational document that outlines the rights and freedoms that all people are entitled to, regardless of race, nationality, or religion.
International human rights law: The legal framework that sets out the standards and principles for the protection of human rights, including international treaties, conventions, and customary law.
Regional human rights systems: The various international and regional bodies that monitor and promote human rights, such as the UN Human Rights Council, the European Court of Human Rights, and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights.
Civil and political rights: The rights that protect individuals’ freedom of expression, association, and peaceful assembly, as well as their rights to due process and a fair trial.
Economic, social, and cultural rights: The rights that protect individuals’ access to basic needs such as food, health care, education, and work.
Human rights violations: The various forms of abuses that violate human rights, including torture, discrimination, genocide, and repression of civil and political rights.
Humanitarian interventions: The various types of interventions that aim to prevent or stop human rights violations, such as humanitarian aid, peacekeeping operations, and military interventions.
Gender and human rights: The ways in which gender intersects with human rights, including issues of gender-based violence, discrimination, and access to healthcare.
Human rights advocacy: The various ways in which individuals and groups can work to promote human rights, such as lobbying, litigation, and public education campaigns.
Corporate social responsibility: The ways in which businesses can be held responsible for the impact of their actions on human rights, including issues of labor rights, environmental protection, and social justice.
Technology and human rights: The ways in which technology can both enable and undermine human rights, including issues of surveillance, privacy, and internet censorship.
Human rights in conflict and emergency situations: The ways in which humanitarian law can guide humanitarian interventions and protection of civilians in times of war or natural disaster.
Civil and political rights: These include the rights to freedom of expression, association, and assembly, as well as the right to participate in political processes.
Economic, social and cultural rights: These include the right to work, education, healthcare, and access to food and water, among other things.
Right to life: The most fundamental right of all, the right to life ensures that every human life is valued and protected.
Right to freedom from discrimination: This ensures that every human being is treated equally and with respect, regardless of their race, gender, religion, or any other characteristic.
Right to privacy: This right protects an individual's personal information, communications, and private life from being intruded upon.
Right to a fair trial: This ensures that everyone is entitled to a fair and impartial trial, without discrimination or prejudice.
Right to asylum: This protects individuals who are fleeing persecution or danger in their home country and provides them with a safe haven in another country.
Right to education: This ensures that everyone has access to education and that education is affordable and of high quality.
Right to free and fair elections: This ensures that every eligible citizen can participate in the electoral process and that the results of the election are accurate and legitimate.
Right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion: This ensures that everyone has the right to practice their chosen religion or belief system without fear of persecution or discrimination.
Quote: "They are commonly understood as inalienable, fundamental rights 'to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being' and which are 'inherent in all human beings'."
Quote: "They are applicable everywhere and at every time in the sense of being universal."
Quote: "They are egalitarian in the sense of being the same for everyone."
Quote: "They are regarded as requiring empathy and the rule of law and imposing an obligation on persons to respect the human rights of others."
Quote: "It is generally considered that they should not be taken away except as a result of due process based on specific circumstances."
Quote: "The doctrine of human rights has been highly influential within international law and global and regional institutions."
Quote: "The idea of human rights suggests that 'if the public discourse of peacetime global society can be said to have a common moral language, it is that of human rights'."
Quote: "The strong claims made by the doctrine of human rights continue to provoke considerable skepticism and debates about the content, nature, and justifications of human rights to this day."
Quote: "Some thinkers suggest that human rights should be a minimum requirement to avoid the worst-case abuses, while others see it as a higher standard."
Quote: "Many of the basic ideas that animated the human rights movement developed in the aftermath of the Second World War and the events of the Holocaust, culminating in the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Paris by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948."
Quote: "The true forerunner of human rights discourse was the concept of natural rights which appeared as part of the medieval natural law tradition that became prominent during the European Enlightenment..."
Quote: "From this foundation, the modern human rights arguments emerged over the latter half of the 20th century, possibly as a reaction to slavery, torture, genocide, and war crimes, as a realization of inherent human vulnerability and as being a precondition for the possibility of a just society."
Quote: "Human rights advocacy has continued into the early 21st century, centered around achieving greater economic and political freedom."
Quote: "They are regularly protected in municipal and international law."
Quote: "The precise meaning of the term right is controversial and is the subject of continued philosophical debate."
Quote: "It has also been argued that human rights are 'God-given', although this notion has been criticized."
Quote: "Ancient peoples did not have the same modern-day conception of universal human rights."
Quote: "Human rights should be a minimum requirement to avoid the worst-case abuses."
Quote: "There is disagreement about which of these particular rights should be included within the general framework of human rights."