"Mass media includes the diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication."
This subfield examines the structure of media industries, including the ownership of media outlets and the competitive landscape of different sectors of the media industry.
Media ownership: This topic covers the different types of media ownership structures and their impact on media content and production.
Media consolidation: This involves the concentration of media ownership in the hands of a few large corporations, leading to a decline in diversity of media outlets.
Advertising: This covers the role of advertising in media revenue and content production.
Ratings and circulation: This involves the use of audience measurement tools to determine the popularity and success of media outlets.
Digital media and the internet: This topic covers the impact of digital media and the internet on traditional media outlets and the evolution of new media business models.
Copyright and intellectual property: This covers the protection of intellectual property rights in the media industry and the impact of piracy on media revenues.
Regulatory policies: This topic covers the impact of government policies and regulations on media ownership, market competition, and industry structure.
Media workforce: This involves the study of different job roles and career paths in the media industry and the impact of technological advancements on these roles.
Global media and cultural imperialism: This covers the impact of media globalization and the spread of cultural values and norms through media.
Media ethics: This topic covers the ethical considerations and responsibilities of media professionals in creating and disseminating content to the public.
Monopoly: In a monopoly structure, one company has control over the entire market, and there is no competition. This leads to the firm having complete pricing power and is least beneficial to consumers.
Oligopoly: In an oligopoly, a few firms own the industry and hold power over pricing and distribution channels.
Monopsony: A monopsony structure is when there is only one buyer of a product, which results in reduction of prices payable to suppliers. Example, one mega retailer that purchases most inventory price gouging farmers/suppliers.
Duopoly: A duopoly is a type of oligopoly in which there are only two companies that own the majority of the industry. Example Coca-cola and Pepsi share the majority of the soft drink market.
Conglomerate: In a conglomerate structure, multiple companies that operate in different markets come under one umbrella, giving them immense financial and strategic power. Example, media or publishing companies that are also invested in real estate or airlines.
Vertical integration: A vertical integration structure is when a company controls the entire production process, from raw materials to delivery to the end consumer. Example, mining companies that own their carriers, mills, refineries, warehouses, commercial trucks and franchises, even the gas stations that fuel their trucks.
Horizontal integration: In horizontal integration, companies that operate in the same market or produce similar products merge to form one company. Example, Disney acquiring the majority of Fox.
Cooperative: In a cooperative structure, businesses of the same industry join together voluntarily to form a partnership in order to better manage their economics. Example, farmers coming together to form cooperatives to ensure better pricing and distribution of their goods.
"Broadcast media transmit information electronically via media such as films, radio, recorded music, or television."
"Digital media comprises both Internet and mobile mass communication."
"Internet media comprise such services as email, social media sites, websites, and Internet-based radio and television."
"They can use the easy accessibility and outreach capabilities the Internet affords, as thereby easily broadcast information throughout many different regions of the world simultaneously and cost-efficiently."
"Outdoor media transmit information via such media as AR advertising; billboards; blimps; flying billboards; placards or kiosks placed inside and outside buses, commercial buildings, shops, sports stadiums, subway cars, or trains; signs; or skywriting."
"Print media transmit information via physical objects, such as books, comics, magazines, newspapers, or pamphlets."
"Event organizing and public speaking can also be considered forms of mass media."
"The organizations that control these technologies, such as movie studios, publishing companies, and radio and television stations, are also known as the mass media."
"Broadcast media transmit information electronically via media such as films, radio, recorded music, or television."
"Digital media comprises both Internet and mobile mass communication."
"Internet media comprise such services as email, social media sites, websites, and Internet-based radio and television."
"By such means as linking to or running TV ads online, or distributing QR codes in outdoor or print media to direct mobile users to a website."
"Outdoor media transmit information via such media as AR advertising; billboards; blimps; flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes); placards or kiosks placed inside and outside buses, commercial buildings, shops, sports stadiums, subway cars, or trains; signs; or skywriting."
"Print media transmit information via physical objects, such as books, comics, magazines, newspapers, or pamphlets."
"Books, comics, magazines, newspapers, or pamphlets."
"Event organizing and public speaking can also be considered forms of mass media."
"The organizations that control these technologies, such as movie studios, publishing companies, and radio and television stations, are also known as the mass media."
"They can use the easy accessibility and outreach capabilities the Internet affords, as thereby easily broadcast information throughout many different regions of the world simultaneously and cost-efficiently."
"Movie studios, publishing companies, and radio and television stations."