"In linguistics, code-switching or language alternation occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation or situation."
The study of how bilinguals or multilinguals switch back and forth between different languages in social situations.
Sociolinguistics: The study of language in society.
Code-switching: The practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language in a single conversation or interaction, depending on the communicative context.
Diglossia: A situation in which two varieties of a language coexist within a society, with one variety being used for formal or prestigious contexts and the other for informal or everyday contexts.
Bilingualism: The ability to speak two languages fluently.
Multilingualism: The ability to speak three or more languages fluently.
Language contact: The interaction between two or more languages in a given context, which can lead to code-switching and language borrowing.
Language alternation: The ability to switch between two or more languages, dialects, or registers depending on the communicative context.
Language choice: The decision to choose a particular language or variety of language in a given communicative context, which can depend on social, cultural, and pragmatic factors.
Language acquisition: The process by which individuals learn a language, which can be affected by factors such as age, social class, and cultural background.
Language maintenance: The practice of preserving and promoting a particular language or variety of language, which can involve efforts such as education, media, and cultural programming.
Intersentential code-switching: This type of code-switching occurs when the speaker switches between languages at the sentence or clause level.
Intrasentential code-switching: This type of code-switching occurs when the speaker switches between languages within a sentence.
Tag-switching: This type of code-switching occurs when the speaker uses a word or phrase from one language to mark the end of a sentence or thought, followed by a word or phrase from another language to start the next sentence or thought.
Unitary-language use: This type of code-switching occurs when the speaker uses elements from one language while speaking primarily in another language.
Metaphorical code-switching: This type of code-switching involves using words or expressions from one language in a figurative or metaphorical way in another language.
Conversational code-switching: This type of code-switching occurs when two or more speakers switch languages during the course of a conversation, often to accommodate the language preferences of the different speakers.
Style-shifting: This type of code-switching occurs when a speaker switches between languages or dialects to signal different social identities, attitudes or situations.
Grammatical code-switching: This type of code-switching involves switching between languages or dialects at the grammatical level, such as using the syntax of one language while using the vocabulary of another language.
Code-mixing: This type of code-switching refers to the use of elements from two or more languages or dialects in the same sentence or utterance.
Code-blending: This type of code-switching involves blending elements from two or more languages to create a new code, often used in creative works such as literature or music.
"Code-switching is different from plurilingualism in that plurilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to use multiple languages, while code-switching is the act of using multiple languages together."
"Multilinguals (speakers of more than one language) sometimes use elements of multiple languages when conversing with each other."
"Code-switching is the use of more than one linguistic variety in a manner consistent with the syntax and phonology of each variety."
"Code-switching may happen between sentences, sentence fragments, words, or individual morphemes (in synthetic languages)."
"However, some linguists consider the borrowing of words or morphemes from another language to be different from other types of code-switching."
"Likewise, code-switching can occur when there is a change in the environment one is speaking."
"Code-switching can happen in the context of speaking a different language or switching the verbiage to match that of the audience."
"There are many ways in which code-switching is employed, such as when a speaker is unable to express themselves adequately in a single language or to signal an attitude towards something."
"Several theories have been developed to explain the reasoning behind code-switching from sociological and linguistic perspectives."
"plurilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to use multiple languages."
"Code-switching or language alternation occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation or situation."
"Multilinguals sometimes use elements of multiple languages when conversing with each other."
"Code-switching is the use of more than one linguistic variety in a manner consistent with the syntax and phonology of each variety."
"Code-switching may happen [...] individual morphemes (in synthetic languages)."
"However, some linguists consider the borrowing of words or morphemes from another language to be different from other types of code-switching."
"Likewise, code-switching can occur when there is a change in the environment one is speaking."
"There are many ways in which code-switching is employed, such as when a speaker is unable to express themselves adequately in a single language or to signal an attitude towards something."
"Several theories have been developed to explain the reasoning behind code-switching from sociological and linguistic perspectives."
"Code-switching is different from plurilingualism in that plurilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to use multiple languages, while code-switching is the act of using multiple languages together."