"Multilingualism is the use of more than one language, either by an individual speaker or by a group of speakers."
Explores the relationship between being bilingual and cognitive abilities, including memory, attention, and problem solving.
The definition of bilingualism: Examining the concept of bilingualism and different types of bilingualism, such as early and late bilingualism.
Language acquisition and bilingualism: How bilingualism affects language acquisition in children and adults.
Bilingualism and the brain: Understanding how bilingualism affects cognitive functioning and brain structure.
Cognitive advantages of bilingualism: Investigating the cognitive advantages of being bilingual, including improved executive function, attention, and memory.
Bilingualism and linguistic relativity: Examining how language affects thought and cognition, and how bilingualism may influence this phenomenon.
Code-switching: Understanding the practice of code-switching, or the ability to switch between languages in conversation.
Multilingualism: Exploring the effects of being multilingual, or knowing and using more than two languages.
Bilingual education: Understanding the benefits and challenges of bilingual education for students and educators.
Bilingualism in society: Examining how bilingualism is viewed in different societies and cultures, and how it affects communication and identity.
The relationship between bilingualism and aging: Investigating the potential benefits of bilingualism in aging processes and dementia prevention.
Simultaneous Bilingualism: When a child learns two languages at the same time, usually from birth or before the age of three. This type of bilingualism is also known as "early bilingualism.".
Sequential Bilingualism: When a person learns a second language later in life, usually after the age of three. This type of bilingualism is also known as "late bilingualism.".
Compound Bilingualism: When a person speaks two languages fluently, having learned them separately and without contact with each other.
Coordinate Bilingualism: When a person speaks two languages fluently but uses them separately in different contexts or domains. For example, speaking Spanish with family and English at work.
Subordinate Bilingualism: When a person is more proficient in one language than the other and switches between languages depending on the situation.
Balanced Bilingualism: When a person speaks two languages fluently and has equal proficiency and ability in both languages.
Dominant Bilingualism: When a person is more proficient in one language than the other and usually uses that language for most communication.
Additive Bilingualism: When a person learns a second language while still maintaining proficiency in their first language.
Subtractive Bilingualism: When a person learns a second language at the expense of their proficiency in their first language.
Heritage Bilingualism: When a person learns two languages through family or cultural heritage, such as a child raised by German-speaking parents in the United States.
Covert Bilingualism: When a person is able to understand and speak a second language but chooses not to reveal their proficiency in that language.
Overt Bilingualism: When a person actively uses and displays their proficiency in both languages.
"It is believed that multilingual speakers outnumber monolingual speakers in the world's population."
"More than half of all Europeans claim to speak at least one language other than their mother tongue."
"But many read and write in one language."
"Multilingualism is advantageous for people wanting to participate in trade, globalization and cultural openness."
"Owing to the ease of access to information facilitated by the Internet, individuals' exposure to multiple languages has become increasingly possible."
"People who speak several languages are also called polyglots."
"Multilingual speakers have acquired and maintained at least one language during childhood, the so-called first language (L1)."
"Children acquiring two languages natively from these early years are called simultaneous bilinguals."
"It is common for young simultaneous bilinguals to be more proficient in one language than the other."
"People who speak more than one language have been reported to be better at language learning when compared to monolinguals."
"Multilingualism in computing can be considered part of a continuum between internationalization and localization."
"Due to the status of English in computing, software development nearly always uses it."
"Some commercial software is initially available in an English version, and multilingual versions, if any, may be produced as alternative options based on the English original."
"Owing to the ease of access to information facilitated by the Internet, individuals' exposure to multiple languages has become increasingly possible."
"Multilingualism is advantageous for people wanting to participate in trade, globalization and cultural openness."
"The first language (sometimes also referred to as the mother tongue) is usually acquired without formal education, by mechanisms about which scholars disagree."
"Children acquiring two languages natively from these early years are called simultaneous bilinguals."
"It is common for young simultaneous bilinguals to be more proficient in one language than the other."
"Some commercial software is initially available in an English version, and multilingual versions, if any, may be produced as alternative options based on the English original."