"Language contact occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact with and influence each other."
The study of how languages influence and change each other through contact, including language borrowing and pidgin/creole formation.
Language Variation: Study of how language varies across geographical, social and cultural boundaries.
Language Change: Study of how languages change over time due to their interaction with other languages and cultures.
Bilingualism/Multilingualism: The study of people's ability to speak more than one language and how it influences their identity and communication.
Language Mixing: The phenomenon of mixing words, phrases or grammar from two or more languages in a single discourse.
Language Convergence/Divergence: The process of languages becoming more similar or dissimilar as a result of contact.
Code-Switching: The practice of alternating between two or more languages or language varieties within a single conversation.
Language Maintenance/Loss: The study of how languages are retained or lost within a community over time.
Language Death: The complete loss of a language due to the absence of new speakers.
Pidgin and Creole Languages: The study of simplified languages that emerge as a result of contact between people who do not share a common language.
Contact Linguistics in Historical Perspective: A brief overview of how contact linguistics emerged and evolved as a subfield of linguistics.
Sociolinguistics of Contact: Study of the social factors that influence language contact and language change.
Linguistic Atlas of Language Contact: Tools and methodologies used to map and analyze language contact in its various dimensions.
Linguistic Borrowing: The phenomenon of words and structures from one language being adopted into another language.
Grammaticalization: The process by which words and structures become more grammaticalized over time due to language contact.
Structural Typology: The comparative study of the structures of different languages and what influences their similarities and differences.
Grammatical Convergence and Divergence: The process by which languages become more or less similar in their grammar and syntax.
Language Contact in Specific Contexts: Analysis of language contact in specific contexts such as colonialism, migration, and globalization.
Contact and Non-Contact Languages: Comparison of language contact and non-contact languages.
Linguistic Contact, Preservation, and Revitalization: Strategies for preserving and revitalizing endangered minority languages through language contact.
Language Contact and Education: Implications of language contact for teaching and learning in multilingual contexts.
Bilingualism: The ability to speak and understand two languages equally well.
Code-Switching: The use of two or more languages or dialects within a single sentence or conversation.
Language Shift: When a community or individual stops using their traditional language in favor of a different language.
Pidgin: A simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two groups of people who do not have a common language.
Creole: A complete language that develops from a pidgin when it becomes established as the native language of a community.
Loanwords: Words borrowed from one language and used in another, often with modified spelling or pronunciation.
Language Convergence: When two or more languages with shared vocabulary and grammar come together to form a new language.
Language Divergence: When a language splits into two or more separate languages due to geographic or other factors.
Language Preservation: The efforts to protect and maintain endangered or minority languages.
Language Revitalization: The efforts to restore and promote the use of endangered or minority languages.
"The study of language contact is called contact linguistics."
"When speakers of different languages interact closely, it is typical for their languages to influence each other."
"Language contact can occur at language borders, between adstratum languages, or as the result of migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including language convergence, borrowing, and relexification."
"The common products include pidgins, creoles, code-switching, and mixed languages."
"In many other cases, contact between speakers occurs but the lasting effects on the language are less visible."
"They may, however, include loan words, calques, or other types of borrowed material."
"Multilingualism has been common throughout much of human history."
"Today, most people in the world are multilingual."
"Methods from sociolinguistics (the study of language use in society), from corpus linguistics, and from formal linguistics are used in the study of language contact."
"Language contact can occur at language borders, between adstratum languages..."
"...or as the result of migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including language convergence..."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including borrowing..."
"The common products include pidgins, creoles..."
"The common products include...code-switching..."
"The common products include...mixed languages."
"Methods from sociolinguistics, from corpus linguistics, and from formal linguistics are used in the study of language contact."
"...they may include loan words, calques, or other types of borrowed material."