- "Military justice (or military law) is the body of laws and procedures governing members of the armed forces."
The legal system that applies to military personnel rather than civilians.
The Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ): The UCMJ is a federal law that governs military justice and outlines various offenses that service members can commit.
The Military Justice System: This topic covers the structure of the military justice system, including the role and responsibilities of military judges, juries, prosecutors, and defense counsel.
The Types of Military Courts-martial: This topic covers the different types of courts-martial, including summary courts-martial, special courts-martial, and general courts-martial.
Military Crimes: This topic covers the various criminal offenses that service members can commit, such as disobeying orders, insubordination, desertion, and sexual assault.
The Role of the Commanding Officer: This topic covers the role and authority of the commanding officer in the military justice system, including their power to initiate charges and administer punishment.
Rights of Service Members: This topic covers the constitutional rights that service members are entitled to, including the right to counsel, the right to a fair trial, and the right against self-incrimination.
Punishment and Sentencing: This topic covers the various forms of punishment and sentencing options available under military law, including confinement, fines, reduction in rank, and dishonorable discharge.
Military Appeals: This topic covers the procedures for appealing a military conviction or sentence, including the appellate process and the role of the military appellate courts.
The Role of Civilians in Military Justice: This topic covers the role of civilian attorneys, judges, and investigators in the military justice system, as well as the procedures for transitioning cases from military to civilian courts.
Military Justice and International Law: This topic covers the relationship between military justice and international law, including the obligations of military forces to uphold human rights and international humanitarian law.
Court-Martial: A judicial process for trying military personnel who have been charged with a crime under military law.
Summary Court-Martial: A simplified version of a court-martial, used for minor offenses.
Special Court-Martial: An intermediate level of court-martial between summary and general court-martial.
General Court-Martial: The highest level of court-martial, reserved for more serious offenses.
Administrative Punishment: Non-judicial punishment for minor offenses, such as extra duty or reduction in rank.
Article 15: Non-judicial punishment specifically under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ).
Article 32 Hearing: The military equivalent of a grand jury, used to determine if there is enough evidence to proceed with a court-martial.
Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces: The highest court for military justice, with jurisdiction over all military criminal cases.
Military Commissions: Military tribunals used to try non-citizens accused of terrorism or war crimes.
International Tribunals: Tribunals established by international law to try war crimes and crimes against humanity, including the International Criminal Court (ICC).
- "Some states use special judicial and other arrangements to enforce those laws, while others use civilian judicial systems."
- "Legal issues unique to military justice include the preservation of good order and discipline, the legality of orders, and appropriate conduct for members of the military."
- "Some states enable their military justice systems to deal with civil offenses committed by their armed forces in some circumstances."
- "Military justice is distinct from martial law, which is the imposition of military authority on a civilian population as a substitute for civil authority."
- "Martial law is often declared in times of emergency, war, or civil unrest."
- "Most countries restrict when and in what manner martial law may be declared and enforced."
- No direct quote, but the purpose is to govern the conduct of armed forces and ensure good order and discipline.
- No direct quote, but military laws are separate and distinct from civilian laws.
- "Some states use special judicial and other arrangements to enforce those laws, while others use civilian judicial systems."
- "Some states enable their military justice systems to deal with civil offenses committed by their armed forces in some circumstances."
- "The preservation of good order and discipline, the legality of orders, and appropriate conduct for members of the military."
- No direct quote, but military justice and martial law are distinct concepts.
- "Martial law is often declared in times of emergency, war, or civil unrest."
- "Most countries restrict when and in what manner martial law may be declared and enforced."
- No direct quote, but military justice systems contribute to preserving good order and discipline.
- No direct quote, but in some cases, military members may face both military and civilian legal systems.
- No direct quote, but consequences can include disciplinary action, court-martial, or other punitive measures.
- No direct quote, but military justice ensures military members adhere to regulations and maintain discipline within the armed forces.
- No direct quote, but some international agreements and organizations provide guidelines for military justice systems.