These are institutions that have the authority to adjudicate disputes or enforce international law. They are usually created by international treaties or conventions and have jurisdiction over specific areas of law. International courts and tribunals may deal with issues such as human rights, crimes against humanity, war crimes, trade law, and environmental law. Examples of international courts and tribunals include the International Court of Justice, International Criminal Court, International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, and the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body.