"Climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system."
The global phenomenon of increasing temperatures and changing weather patterns caused by human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels.
The definition of climate change: This topic focuses on the term "climate change," its definition, causes, and effects on the environment.
Scientific evidence of climate change: This topic includes understanding the scientific evidence of climate change, the role of greenhouse gases, and the impact of human activities on climate change.
Climate change and biodiversity: This topic encompasses the relationship between climate change and biodiversity, how it affects ecosystems, and how to diminish impacts on biodiversity.
Climate change and agriculture: This topic concerns the impact of climate change on agriculture, food security and the strategies to deal with these.
Global climate governance: This topic is about the way the world is working together to tackle climate change, the major international agreements on climate change, and how these agreements are being implemented.
Environmental law and policymakers: This topic focuses on the role of governments in tackling climate change through implementing environmental laws, policies, and regulations.
Climate change adaptation and mitigation: This topic considers approaches to prevent, mitigate, and adapt to climate change through innovative strategies.
Climate change and economics: This topic considers the economic implications of climate change, carbon pricing, and financial mechanisms to support climate-friendly investments.
Renewable energy sources: This topic encompasses alternative energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydropower and the innovations in these fields.
Carbon Footprint: This topic is about carbon footprints and what we can do to reduce individual and institutional carbon footprints.
Carbon credit trading: This topic explains the carbon credit trading system and how it works, and how it encourages sustainable development at a global level.
Climate change communication: This topic considers ways of communicating about climate change to different audiences, stakeholder engagement, and communications policies.
International climate change negotiations: This topic aims to comprehend international negotiation of climate change, perspectives around developed and developing countries, and agreements between states.
Climate change and Health: This topic focuses on the interaction between climate change and human health, including its impact on mental health, physical health and infectious diseases.
Climate change and technology: This topic considers the impact of technology on climate change, the challenges and opportunities through technological innovations.
Climate refugees: This topic explains “climate refugees,” their situation, international laws, and strategies on how to manage those.
Carbon labeling: This topic is about carbon labeling, and its significance in making sustainable choices.
Climate change and tourism: This topic discusses climate change impacts on the tourism industry and how it can be managed sustainably.
Climate change and gender: This topic highlights gender disparities in climate change, how to address gender and social inequalities, and the role of women in climate change solutions.
Environmental justice: This topic discusses the link between environmental justice, advocacy, and climate change policies.
Global warming: The gradual increase in the Earth's average temperature over time, primarily caused by human activities that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Climate variability: Refers to fluctuations in climate patterns over time that include changes in temperature, precipitation, and weather events.
Extreme weather events: Events such as floods, droughts, wildfires, and hurricanes that are more severe and frequent than previously experienced.
Sea-level rise: The gradual increase in the level of the world's oceans, largely due to the melting of ice sheets and glaciers.
Ocean acidification: The increased acidity levels in the oceans, caused by the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Biodiversity loss: The decline in the variety and number of plant and animal species due to changes in climate and other environmental factors.
Land use change: The conversion of natural habitats, such as forests and wetlands, into human settlements or agricultural lands.
Air pollution: The release of harmful particles and gases into the atmosphere, affecting public health and contributing to climate change.
Water scarcity: The depletion of water resources due to climate change, pollution, and overuse.
Food security: The challenges in meeting global food demand due to climate change, such as poor crop yields and loss of arable land.
"The current rise in global average temperature is more rapid than previous changes, and is primarily caused by humans burning fossil fuels."
"Larger amounts of these gases trap more heat in Earth's lower atmosphere, causing global warming."
"Deserts are expanding, while heat waves and wildfires are becoming more common...glacial retreat and sea ice loss...more intense storms, droughts, and other weather extremes...forcing many species to relocate or become extinct."
"Even if efforts to minimise future warming are successful, some effects will continue for centuries. These include ocean heating, ocean acidification, and sea level rise."
"Climate change threatens people with increased flooding, extreme heat, increased food and water scarcity, more disease, and economic loss. Human migration and conflict can also be a result."
"The World Health Organization (WHO) calls climate change the greatest threat to global health in the 21st century."
"Poorer communities are responsible for a small share of global emissions, yet have the least ability to adapt and are most vulnerable to climate change."
"Under the 2015 Paris Agreement, nations collectively agreed to keep warming 'well under 2 °C'."
"With pledges made under the Agreement, global warming would still reach about 2.7 °C (4.9 °F) by the end of the century."
"Limiting warming to 1.5 °C will require halving emissions by 2030 and achieving net-zero emissions by 2050."
"Reducing emissions requires generating electricity from low-carbon sources rather than burning fossil fuels."
"Vastly increasing use of wind, solar, nuclear, and other types of renewable energy."
"Carbon can also be removed from the atmosphere, for instance by increasing forest cover and farming with methods that capture carbon in soil."
"Adapting to climate change through efforts like flood control measures or drought-resistant crops partially reduces climate change risks."
"Some limits to adaptation have already been reached."
"Many climate change impacts are already felt at the current 1.2 °C (2.2 °F) level of warming."
"Electricity generated from non-carbon-emitting sources will need to replace fossil fuels for powering transportation, heating buildings, and operating industrial facilities."
"Increasing forest cover...can remove carbon from the atmosphere."
"Farming with methods that capture carbon in soil."