The structure, roles, and responsibilities of news organizations, and the skills needed to lead and manage a team of journalists.
Media ethics: The principles and values that govern the professional conduct of journalists.
Newsroom workflow: The process of producing news and managing all the tasks involved in it, from idea generation to publication.
Editorial decision-making: The process of deciding what news stories to cover and how to cover them in a way that meets journalistic standards.
Audience engagement: Building and maintaining relationships with readers, viewers and listeners through social media, events and other platforms.
Budgeting and finance: Managing the financial resources of a newsroom, including salaries, equipment, advertising sales and other expenses.
Human resources: Managing the recruitment, training and development of staff, as well as dealing with workplace issues such as grievances and disciplinary matters.
Leadership and management: The skills required to lead and motivate a team of journalists, build a positive newsroom culture, and manage change.
Newsroom technology: The tools, software and systems required to produce and distribute news content, including content management systems and social media platforms.
Legal issues: The laws and regulations that govern journalism, including libel, privacy, freedom of speech and access to information.
Newsroom diversity: The importance of diversity and inclusion in news coverage, and strategies for building a more diverse, representative newsroom culture.
News Director: The person in charge of the entire news operation, including assigning stories, deciding what stories to cover, and setting editorial policy.
Managing Editor: The person responsible for overseeing the editorial content and production of the newsroom, including supervising editors and reporters, and ensuring that content is timely, accurate, and balanced.
Assignment Editor: The person who decides which reporters will cover which stories, assigns reporters to specific beats, and makes sure coverage is balanced.
City Editor: The person responsible for supervising local news reporters and coordinating coverage of events in the city.
Copy Editor: The person who checks articles for accuracy, clarity, and coherence, and ensures that articles adhere to the publication's style guidelines.
Desk Editor: The person who manages the flow of articles, assigns articles to copy editors, and ensures that articles are completed on time.
Web Editor: The person responsible for overseeing the publication's online presence, including the publication's website, social media accounts, and online content.
Producer: The person responsible for turning raw footage into a polished, finished product for broadcast or publication.
News Anchor: The person who delivers the news on air, often in combination with the weather or sports reports.
Weathercaster: The person responsible for providing weather forecasts and updates during the newscast.
Sports Anchor: The person who covers local and national sports news and delivers sports information during the newscast.
Investigative Journalist: The person who investigates and reports on topics that are of public interest and concern, often resulting in significant news stories.
Photojournalist: The person who takes photographs to accompany news stories or to stand-alone telling a story itself.
Freelance Journalist: Someone who works with one or multiple publications without having a long-term contract, but instead producing individual stories for a fee.
Citizen Journalist: An individual who is not professionally trained who captures events and news happening in their communities and share them in social media as a form of citizen journalism.