The study of the human body's structures and functions, including how they relate to ergonomic principles and design.
Levels of organization: Understanding the hierarchy of organization in the human body is fundamental to studying Anatomy and Physiology. It includes the chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism levels.
Body planes and directions: Explains the anatomical planes of the human body and the directional terms that are used to describe positions and movements.
Anatomical regions and landmarks: This topic covers the major regions of the body, their subregions, and anatomical landmarks used during physical exams.
Cell structure and function: A detailed understanding of cell structure and function is essential to understand the mechanisms of the body.
Tissues: There are four types of tissue in the human body; epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. Learning about these tissues is crucial to understanding the functions of organs and organ systems.
Skeletal system: This topic explains the structure and function of bones, joints, and muscles, along with their associated cartilage, ligaments, and tendons.
Muscular system: Understanding the muscles and their organization is essential to understanding how the body moves and generates force.
Cardiovascular system: This topic covers the heart, blood vessels, and blood, and how they work together to distribute nutrients and oxygen throughout the body.
Respiratory system: The organs of the respiratory system, including the lungs and bronchi, are essential for the exchange of gases between the body and the environment.
Digestive system: Knowledge of the digestive system is necessary for understanding how the body processes food and converts it into energy and nutrients.
Urinary system: This topic discusses the organs of the urinary system, including the kidneys and ureters, and how they function in removing waste products from the body.
Reproductive system: The organs of the reproductive system, including the male and female reproductive organs, are essential for understanding how humans reproduce.
Endocrine system: This topic focuses on the endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete, along with their functions in maintaining homeostasis.
Nervous system: Understanding the functions of the nervous system and the nervous tissue is vital for understanding sensory perception, motor control, and information processing.
Integumentary system: This topic covers the skin, hair, nails, and glands, and their associated functions in protecting the body and regulating temperature.
Homeostasis: A fundamental concept in Anatomy and Physiology, homeostasis is the maintenance of a steady state within the body, despite changes in the external environment.
Pathophysiology: An understanding of pathophysiology, which is the study of the abnormal function of the body, is essential for understanding medical conditions.
Medical terminology: Knowledge of medical terminology is necessary for understanding the language used in Anatomy and Physiology and medical professions.
Human Anatomy: The study of the structure and organization of the human body.
Comparative Anatomy: The study of the similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species.
Developmental Anatomy: The study of how the body structures develop from conception to adulthood.
Gross Anatomy: The study of the visible structures of the human body, including organs and tissues.
Microscopic Anatomy: The study of the structures and functions of cells and tissues through a microscope.
Systemic Anatomy: The study of the organs and tissues that make up the body systems, such as the respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems.
Regional Anatomy: The study of the specific structures in a particular area of the body, such as the head and neck or the arms and legs.
Neuroanatomy: The study of the anatomy and function of the nervous system.
Radiographic Anatomy: The study of the structures of the body as seen through X-rays or other imaging techniques.
Pathological Anatomy: The study of the structural and functional changes that occur in the body as a result of disease.
Exercise Physiology: The study of the effects of physical activity on the body.
Molecular Physiology: The study of the chemical and molecular processes that occur within the body.
Systemic Physiology: The study of the functions and interactions of the body systems.
Cellular Physiology: The study of the processes that occur within cells to maintain normal function.
Neurophysiology: The study of the functions and interactions of the nervous system.
Endocrine Physiology: The study of the functions of the endocrine system and its hormones.
Cardiovascular Physiology: The study of the functions of the heart and blood vessels.
Renal Physiology: The study of the functions of the kidneys and urinary system.
Respiratory Physiology: The study of the functions of the respiratory system.
Gastrointestinal Physiology: The study of the functions of the digestive system.
Reproductive Physiology: The study of the functions of the reproductive system.