"Environmental justice or eco-justice, is a social movement to address environmental injustice, which occurs when poor and marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit."
Study of the intersectional history of race, class, gender, and the environment.
Pollution: Contamination of air, water, and soil by harmful chemicals and toxins that can cause negative health and environmental impacts.
Toxic Waste: Waste materials that are hazardous to human health and the environment, often disposed of in communities of color and low-income areas.
Industrialization: The growth of industries in certain regions, leading to environmental degradation and health threats to nearby communities.
Environmental Racism: The disproportionate impact of environmental hazards on communities of color and low-income communities.
Environmental Discrimination: The unequal distribution of environmental benefits and burdens based on race, ethnicity, or socio-economic status.
Environmental Health: Study of how environmental factors can affect human health and well-being.
Climate Justice: The fair and equitable distribution of the benefits and burdens of climate change and climate policy.
Environmental Policy: The laws, regulations, and guidelines that govern environmental protection and management.
Environmental Activism: Movement to raise awareness and take action on environmental issues, often led by grassroots organizations and community members.
Environmental Ethics: The moral principles that guide human behavior towards the environment and natural world.
"The movement began in the United States in the 1980s."
"It was heavily influenced by the American civil rights movement and focused on environmental racism within rich countries."
"The movement was later expanded to consider gender, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups."
"The movement for environmental justice has thus become more global, with some of its aims now being articulated by the United Nations. The movement overlaps with movements for Indigenous land rights and for the human right to a healthy environment."
"The goal of the environmental justice movement is to achieve agency for marginalized communities in making environmental decisions that affect their lives."
"The global environmental justice movement arises from local environmental conflicts in which environmental defenders frequently confront multi-national corporations in resource extraction or other industries."
"Local outcomes of these conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks."
"Environmental justice scholars have produced a large interdisciplinary body of social science literature that includes contributions to political ecology, environmental law, and theories on justice and sustainability."
"Environmental injustice, which occurs when poor and marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit."
"The movement began in the United States in the 1980s."
"The movement was heavily influenced by the American civil rights movement and focused on environmental racism within rich countries."
"The movement was later expanded to consider gender, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups."
"As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the Global South (as, for example, through extractivism or the global waste trade)."
"The movement overlaps with movements for Indigenous land rights and for the human right to a healthy environment."
"The goal of the environmental justice movement is to achieve agency for marginalized communities in making environmental decisions that affect their lives."
"Local outcomes of these conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks."
"Environmental justice scholars have produced a large interdisciplinary body of social science literature that includes contributions to political ecology, environmental law, and theories on justice and sustainability."
"Exposure to environmental harm is inequitably distributed."
"As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the Global South."