The many scientific and technological developments that emerged during the Victorian era, including advances in medicine, transport and communication.
Telegraphy: The electrically transmitted transmission of messages over wires.
Steam power: The use of steam for powering machines, locomotives, and ships.
Industrial Revolution: A period of rapid industrial growth during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Scientific Method: The systematic approach to scientific discovery and experimentation.
Charles Darwin: The theory of evolution and natural selection.
Quinine: A drug used to treat malaria.
Pneumatics: The science of compressing air and other gases.
Pasteurization: A method for sterilizing food and drink.
Photography: The development of photography as an art form.
Galvanization: The application of a protective zinc coating to iron or steel.
Phonograph: The development of the first commercial recording and playback device.
Dynamite: The explosive material invented by Alfred Nobel.
Battery: The development of the first commercially available portable battery.
Anesthesia: The use of drugs to temporarily numb or put a patient to sleep.
Thermodynamics: The study of heat and energy transfer.
Lightbulb: The invention of the electric lightbulb and its diffusion.
Radio: The development of wireless communication technology.
Telephone: The invention of the first practical telephone.
Transportation: The development of railroads, steamships, and automobiles.
Scientific Societies: The formation of scientific societies to bring together individuals to collaborate and share knowledge to develop science and technology.
Physics: The study of the fundamental properties and behavior of matter and energy.
Chemistry: The study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of substances.
Biology: The study of living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environment.
Geology: The study of the Earth's physical structure, substances, history, and processes.
Astronomy: The study of celestial objects and phenomena outside the Earth's atmosphere.
Mathematics: The study of numerical quantities, shapes, and patterns, and their relationships.
Engineering: The application of science and mathematics to design, create, develop, and maintain structures, machines, systems, and processes.
Medicine: The science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases and injuries.
Psychology: The scientific study of human behavior and mental processes.
Anthropology: The study of human culture, societies, and their development.
Sociology: The study of human social behavior, groups, and institutions.
Linguistics: The study of language and its structure, meaning, and use.
Botany: The study of plants, including their structure, growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
Zoology: The study of animals, including their structure, function, behavior, and interaction with their environment.
Paleontology: The study of fossil remains of plants and animals and their evolution.
Physiology: The study of the functions and processes of living organisms and their parts.
Entomology: The study of insects and their behavior, biology, and ecology.
Oceanography: The study of the ocean, including its physical and biological properties, processes, and phenomena.
Meteorology: The study of the Earth's atmosphere, weather conditions, and climate.
Genetics: The study of the inherited traits and variations in living organisms.