"The Renaissance is a period in history and a cultural movement marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity, covering the 15th and 16th centuries..."
The study of the cultural rebirth that occurred in Europe from the 14th through the 17th centuries.
Art: Artistic styles, techniques, and notable artists of the Renaissance such as Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.
Science: Advancements in science and technology during the Renaissance, including discoveries by Galileo, Kepler, and Copernicus.
Philosophy: The Renaissance humanist movement, including the study of classical texts, secularism, and individualism.
Music: Musical styles and notable composers of the Renaissance, such as Palestrina and Monteverdi.
Literature: Major literary works and authors of the Renaissance, including Shakespeare, Petrarch, and Boccaccio.
Politics: The political landscape of Renaissance Europe, including the rise of nation-states, the power of monarchs, and the impact of the Catholic Church.
Exploration: The Age of Exploration and its impact on the Renaissance, including the discovery of new lands and cultures.
Architecture: The architectural styles and innovations of the Renaissance, including the use of perspective, domes, and columns.
Economics: The economic changes and developments of the Renaissance, including the growth of trade and banking.
Fashion: The fashion and clothing styles of the Renaissance, including trends in noble and peasant dress.
"...characterized by an effort to revive and surpass ideas and achievements of classical antiquity; it occurred after the crisis of the Late Middle Ages and was associated with great social change in most fields and disciplines, including art, architecture, politics, literature, exploration and science."
"In addition to the standard periodization, proponents of a 'long Renaissance' may put its beginning in the 14th century and its end in the 17th century."
"The traditional view focuses more on the early modern aspects of the Renaissance and argues that it was a break from the past, but many historians today focus more on its medieval aspects and argue that it was an extension of the Middle Ages."
"The intellectual basis of the Renaissance was its version of humanism, derived from the concept of Roman humanitas and the rediscovery of classical Greek philosophy..."
"...the development of perspective in oil painting and the revived knowledge of how to make concrete."
"The Renaissance began in Florence, one of the many states of Italy."
"...its political structure, the patronage of its dominant family, the Medici, and the migration of Greek scholars and their texts to Italy following the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks."
"Other major centers were Venice, Genoa, Milan, Rome during the Renaissance Papacy, and Naples."
"From Italy, the Renaissance spread throughout Europe... and also to American, African and Asian territories ruled by the European colonial powers of the time or where Christian missionaries were active."
"The Renaissance has a long and complex historiography, and in line with general scepticism of discrete periodizations, there has been much debate among historians..."
"The term rinascita ('rebirth') first appeared in Giorgio Vasari's Lives of the Artists (c. 1550), anglicized as the Renaissance in the 1830s."
"The word has also been extended to other historical and cultural movements, such as the Carolingian Renaissance (8th and 9th centuries), Ottonian Renaissance (10th and 11th century), and the Renaissance of the 12th century."
"The Renaissance encompassed innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literatures, beginning with the 14th-century resurgence of learning based on classical sources..."
"In politics, the Renaissance contributed to the development of the customs and conventions of diplomacy..."
"...and in science to an increased reliance on observation and inductive reasoning."
"...best known for its artistic developments and the contributions of such polymaths as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, who inspired the term 'Renaissance man'."
"Early examples were the development of perspective in oil painting and the revived knowledge of how to make concrete."
"...the Renaissance has close similarities to both, especially the late and early sub-periods of either."
"...and gradual but widespread educational reform."