Quote: "Decolonization or decolonisation is the undoing of colonialism, the latter being the process whereby imperial nations establish and dominate foreign territories, often overseas."
The process by which colonies gained independence from their respective colonial powers. It occurred primarily during the 20th century and had a significant impact on global politics, economics, and social structure.
Colonialism: The political and economic domination of one country or region by another.
Imperialism: The policy or practice of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.
Nationalism: A sense of pride in one's country or nation, often characterized by a desire for self-government and independence.
World War I: A global conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918 and involved many of the world's major powers.
League of Nations: An intergovernmental organization founded in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace.
World War II: A global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945 and involved many of the world's major powers.
United Nations: An intergovernmental organization founded in 1945 to promote international peace and security.
Cold War: A period of political tension between the Soviet Union and the United States and their respective allies, lasting from the end of World War II to the early 1990s.
Non-alignment: A political stance of not aligning with any major political or military bloc during the Cold War.
Decolonization: The process by which colonies gained independence from their colonial rulers.
African nationalism: The political and social movement that sought to assert the rights and identity of Africans in colonial Africa.
Indian nationalism: The political and social movement that sought to assert the rights and identity of Indians in colonial India.
Latin American nationalism: The political and social movements that sought to assert the rights and identity of Latin Americans in colonial Latin America.
Partition: The division of a country or region into separate political entities.
Neocolonialism: The use of economic, political, and cultural power by former colonial powers to maintain control over their former colonies.
Pan-Africanism: The pan-African movement that seeks to unify African people and promote self-determination and independence.
Pan-Arabism: The pan-Arab movement that seeks to unify Arab people and promote self-determination and independence.
Post-colonialism: The intellectual movement that examines the cultural, social, and political impact of colonialism on the colonized societies.
Anti-colonialism: The political and social movements that sought to end colonialism and promote independence and self-determination for colonized societies.
Internationalism: The political and social movement that seeks to promote cooperation and solidarity between nations and peoples.
Independence: This type of decolonization involves the granting of political independence to a colony by the colonial power.
Integration: Under this type of decolonization, the colonized region’s population is integrated into the metropolitan state, with full access to political rights and representation in the national government.
Partition: This type of decolonization involves dividing a colony into two or more states, typically along ethnic or religious lines.
Nonviolent Resistance: This type of decolonization involves nonviolent protests and demonstrations against colonial rule. This often includes civil disobedience, boycotts, and mass rallies.
Armed Struggle: This type of decolonization involves military action against the colonial power. Guerrilla warfare and armed struggle are the most commonly used methods of decolonization by force.
Diplomatic Pressure: This type of decolonization involves diplomatic pressure from other countries, international organizations, and other actors in the international community to push the colonial power to relinquish control over a territory.
Reversal: In rare cases, a decolonized territory may request to rejoin the colonial power or another former colonial power. This typically occurs when a newly independent country experiences significant political instability, economic decline, or military conflict.
Neo-colonialism: This type of decolonization involves the continuation of economic, political, and cultural domination by the former colonial power or other global powers.
Delayed Decolonization: This refers to the situation where a colony is administered by a colonial power for an extended period of time before being granted independence. This type of decolonization is usually preceded by long periods of political struggle, negotiations, and diplomatic efforts.
Hybrid Decolonization: This type of decolonization involves a combination of different methods, including armed struggle, diplomatic pressure, and nonviolent resistance, depending on the political, economic, and social conditions in the colony.
Quote: "The meanings and applications of the term are disputed."
Quote: "Some scholars of decolonization focus especially on independence movements in the colonies and the collapse of global colonial empires."
Quote: "Other scholars extend the meaning to include economic, cultural and psychological aspects of the colonial experience."
Quote: "Decolonization scholars form the school of thought known as decoloniality."
Quote: "Decolonization scholars... apply decolonial frameworks to struggles against the coloniality of power and coloniality of knowledge within settler-colonial states even after successful independence movements."
Quote: "Indigenous and post-colonial scholars have critiqued Western worldviews."
Quote: "promoting decolonization of knowledge and the centering of traditional ecological knowledge."
Quote: "Such a broad approach that extends the meaning of decolonization beyond political independence has been disputed and received criticism."
Quote: "Olúfẹ́mi Táíwò argued that it is analytically unsound to extend the meaning of "coloniality" to this extent."
Quote: "[He] argued that approaches that see 'decolonization' as more than political emancipation deny the agency of people in former colonies who have consciously chosen to adopt and adapt elements from colonial rule."
Quote: "Others, such as Jonatan Kurzwelly and Malin Wilckens or Veeran Naicker, argued that such scholarly and practical attempts at 'decolonization' perpetuate reified and essentialist notions of identities."
Quote: "Some scholars extend the meaning to include economic, cultural and psychological aspects of the colonial experience."
Quote: "Decolonization scholars apply decolonial frameworks to struggles against the coloniality of power and coloniality of knowledge."
Quote: "Indigenous and post-colonial scholars have critiqued Western worldviews."
Quote: "promoting decolonization of knowledge and the centering of traditional ecological knowledge."
Quote: "Such a broad approach that extends the meaning of decolonization beyond political independence has been disputed and received criticism."
Quote: "approaches that see 'decolonization' as more than political emancipation deny the agency of people in former colonies who have consciously chosen to adopt and adapt elements from colonial rule."
Quote: "such scholarly and practical attempts at 'decolonization' perpetuate reified and essentialist notions of identities."
Quote: "Indigenous and post-colonial scholars have critiqued Western worldviews, promoting decolonization of knowledge."