"The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933..."
The democratic government of Germany established after World War I, which faced significant challenges during the Interwar period, including economic crisis, political instability, and the rise of the Nazi Party.
"The period's informal name is derived from the city of Weimar, which hosted the constituent assembly that established its government."
"In its initial years, grave problems beset the Republic, such as hyperinflation and political extremism, including political murders and two attempted seizures of power by contending paramilitaries..."
"By 1924, a great deal of monetary and political stability was restored, and the republic enjoyed relative prosperity for the next five years; this period, sometimes known as the Golden Twenties..."
"Under the Locarno Treaties of 1925, Germany moved toward normalizing relations with its neighbors, recognizing most territorial changes under the 1919 Treaty of Versailles and committing to never go to war. The following year, it joined the League of Nations, which marked its reintegration into the international community."
"The Great Depression of October 1929 severely impacted Germany's tenuous progress; high unemployment and subsequent social and political unrest..."
"On 30 January 1933, Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor to head a coalition government..."
"By the end of March 1933, the Reichstag Fire Decree and the Enabling Act of 1933 were used in the perceived state of emergency to effectively grant the new Chancellor broad power to act outside parliamentary control."
"Hitler promptly used these powers to thwart constitutional governance and suspend civil liberties, which brought about the swift collapse of democracy at the federal and state level, and the creation of a one-party dictatorship under his leadership."
"Until the end of World War II in Europe in 1945, the Nazis governed Germany under the pretense that all the extraordinary measures and laws they implemented were constitutional..."
"...the principle that 'the Führer's word is above all written law'."
"Awareness of imminent defeat sparked a revolution, the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II, formal surrender to the Allies, and the proclamation of the Weimar Republic on 9 November 1918."
"Internationally, it suffered isolation, reduced diplomatic standing, and contentious relationships with the great powers."
"...this period, sometimes known as the Golden Twenties, was characterized by significant cultural flourishing, social progress, and gradual improvement in foreign relations."
"...political extremism, including political murders and two attempted seizures of power by contending paramilitaries..."
"Following the devastation of the First World War (1914–1918), Germany was exhausted and sued for peace in desperate circumstances."
"On 30 January 1933, Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor to head a coalition government..."
"By the end of March 1933, the Reichstag Fire Decree and the Enabling Act of 1933 were used in the perceived state of emergency to effectively grant the new Chancellor broad power to act outside parliamentary control. Hitler promptly used these powers to thwart constitutional governance and suspend civil liberties..."
"The Great Depression, exacerbated by Brüning's policy of deflation, led to a surge in unemployment."
"The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich..."