"The League of Nations was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. Its principal mission was to maintain world peace."
An international organization established after World War I to promote peace and prevent future wars.
Formation of the League of Nations: The history and circumstances leading to the establishment of the League of Nations as an international organization aimed at maintaining peace and resolving global conflicts.
Membership and functions of the League of Nations: The countries that were members of the League of Nations and their involvement in the organization's various functions, such as disarmament, collective security, and arbitration of international disputes.
Failure of the League of Nations to prevent the Second World War: The reasons why the League of Nations was unable to prevent the outbreak of World War II, particularly in light of its stated mission to prevent future wars.
Economic sanctions and international law: The use of economic sanctions as a tool for enforcing international law and promoting peace, specifically in the context of the League of Nations.
The impact of the League of Nations on global politics: The various ways in which the League of Nations influenced and shaped international relations during the interwar period, including its impact on the formation of the United Nations.
Decolonization and self-determination: The role of the League of Nations in promoting decolonization and granting the right of self-determination to colonized peoples.
International cooperation and humanitarian aid: The League of Nations' efforts to promote international cooperation and provide humanitarian aid to those affected by war and other crises, including the establishment of the International Labor Organization and the Permanent Court of International Justice.
League of Nations and the appeasement policy: The influence of the League of Nations on the appeasement policy adopted by Western powers towards aggressive powers like Nazi Germany, Italy, and Japan.
The Manchurian Crisis and the Abyssinian Crisis: How these two crises exposed the shortcomings of the League of Nations and led to a loss of confidence in the organization among member states.
The role of the League of Nations in international disarmament: The efforts of the League of Nations to promote international disarmament and prevent the arms race that preceded World War II.
League of Nations Mandates: This was an international agreement formed in 1919 that gave responsibility to the League of Nations for administering former German and Ottoman territories in the Middle East and Africa.
The World Disarmament Conference: This was organized by the League of Nations in 1932 to agree on a set of international peace treaties limiting the size of armed forces and armaments.
The International Labor Organization: This was established as an agency of the League of Nations in 1919 with the aim of promoting social justice, working conditions, and labor rights across the world.
The League of Nations Health Organization: This was established in 1923 to promote international medical cooperation, disease prevention, and health education across the globe.
The Permanent Court of International Justice: This was established in 1922 and served as the world's first international court of justice, aimed at resolving disputes between nations.
"The League's primary goals were stated in its Covenant. They included preventing wars through collective security and disarmament, settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration, and addressing various global issues."
"Some of the League's concerns included labour conditions, just treatment of native inhabitants, human and drug trafficking, the arms trade, global health, prisoners of war, and protection of minorities in Europe."
"The Covenant of the League of Nations was signed on 28 June 1919 as Part I of the Treaty of Versailles."
"In 1919, U.S. president Woodrow Wilson won the Nobel Peace Prize for his role as the leading architect of the League."
"The League lacked its own armed force and depended on the victorious Allies of World War I to enforce its resolutions, keep to its economic sanctions, or provide an army when needed."
"Sanctions could hurt League members, so they were reluctant to comply with them."
"When accused of targeting international Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement medical tents, Benito Mussolini responded that 'the League is very well when sparrows shout but no good at all when eagles fall out.'"
"At its greatest extent from 28 September 1934 to 23 February 1935, it had 58 members."
"Japan, Germany, and Italy quit the League in 1933-1934."
"The Soviet Union joined in 1934 and was expelled in 1939 after invading Finland."
"The League lasted for 26 years; the United Nations (UN) replaced it in 1946."
"Current scholarly consensus views that, even though the League failed to achieve its main goal of world peace..."
"...it did manage to build new roads towards expanding the rule of law across the globe."
"The League strengthened the concept of collective security, giving a voice to smaller nations."
"The League fostered economic stabilization and financial stability, especially in Central Europe in the 1920s."
"The League helped raise awareness to problems like epidemics, slavery, child labour, colonial tyranny, refugee crises, and general working conditions through its numerous commissions and committees."
"...the mandate system put the colonial powers under international observation, paving the way for new forms of statehood."
"Professor David Kennedy portrays the League as a unique moment when international affairs were 'institutionalized', as opposed to the pre-First World War methods of law and politics."
"The United Nations (UN) replaced the League in 1946 and inherited several agencies and organizations founded by the League."