"International Relations (IR) are the interactions among sovereign states."
The study of relationships between different countries, including variables such as diplomacy, foreign policy, and international organizations.
International Relations Theory: The study of the concepts, ideas, and principles which underpin international relations, such as realism, liberalism, and constructivism.
International Security: The study of threats to national and international security, such as terrorism, nuclear proliferation, and cyber warfare.
International Politics: The study of how states interact with each other on a global scale, including issues of economic policy, diplomacy, and trade.
International Law: The study of the legal framework which governs international relations, including treaties, conventions, and customary laws.
International Organisations: The study of the role of international organisations in promoting cooperation and resolving conflicts between states, such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organisation.
Conflict Resolution: The study of methods for resolving disputes and conflicts between states, such as negotiation, mediation, and arbitration.
Peacekeeping: The study of how the international community can promote peace and stability in post-conflict situations, through peacekeeping missions and other forms of international intervention.
Human Rights: The study of the protection of human rights in international law and politics, including issues such as genocide, torture, and refugee rights.
Development Studies: The study of economic and social development in different countries and regions, including issues such as poverty, inequality, and foreign aid.
Global Political Economy: The study of the dynamic relationships between states, markets and other economic actors in the global economic system, including issues such as trade, investment, and globalisation.
Environmental Politics: The study of how international actors respond to environmental issues, such as climate change, deforestation, and water scarcity.
Gender and International Relations: The study of how gender shapes political and social relations on a global scale, including issues such as women's rights and gender-based violence.
Cultural Diplomacy: The study of how cultural exchange and communication can be used to promote peace and understanding between different nations and cultures.
Intelligence and National Security: The study of gathering, analysing and using intelligence in order to protect national security and prevent conflict.
Diplomacy and Foreign Policy: The study of the roles and functions of diplomats, and the techniques of diplomacy, in shaping foreign policy and international relations.
Diplomacy: Diplomacy involves interactions between countries or international actors through peaceful means to resolve conflict, negotiate, and build relationships.
International security: This area of study focuses on understanding and mitigating security threats to countries and international actors.
Foreign policy: Foreign policy is the set of goals and strategies that a country or international actor adopts to pursue its interests in the international arena.
International law: International law refers to the set of rules and principles that govern the behavior of countries and other international actors.
Comparative politics: Comparative politics involves studying the political systems and processes of different countries and analyzing the similarities and differences between them.
Political economy: Political economy is the study of how politics and economics are interconnected and influence each other.
Global governance: Global governance refers to the mechanisms and institutions that facilitate cooperation and coordination among countries and international actors.
Intelligence analysis: Intelligence analysis involves gathering and analyzing information about other countries and international actors to support decision-making processes.
Conflict resolution: Conflict resolution involves the study of strategies and techniques for resolving conflicts between countries and international actors.
Humanitarian intervention: Humanitarian intervention involves the use of military force to prevent or stop human rights abuses, such as genocide or ethnic cleansing.
"It concerns all activities among states—such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy—as well as relations with and among other international actors."
"Other international actors, such as intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs)."
"There are several schools of thought within IR, of which the most prominent are realism, liberalism, and constructivism."
"International relations is widely classified as a major subdiscipline of political science."
"It also often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, law, philosophy, sociology, and history."
"International relations did not become a discrete field until 1919."
"...first offered as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth University in the United Kingdom."
"...in response to the geostrategic concerns of the Cold War."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization in the late 20th century."
"The scientific study of those interactions is called international studies, international politics, or international affairs."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization."
"Itergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs)."
"...such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy."
"...particularly in North America and Western Europe."
"International relations is widely classified as a major subdiscipline of political science."
"...geostrategic concerns of the Cold War."
"It also often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, law, philosophy, sociology, and history."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization."
"...war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy."