"Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment..."
The physical structure of cities, including layout, architecture, and design patterns.
Urbanization: It is the process of the growth and development of cities and towns as people migrate from rural to urban areas.
City form: It is the physical layout of the city and includes factors such as street networks, block size, building heights and density, and public spaces.
Neighborhoods: These are smaller communities within a city that are characterized by distinct boundaries and have a unique identity.
Land use: It refers to the ways in which land within an urban area is allocated for different activities such as residential, commercial, industrial, or public uses.
Zoning: It is a regulatory tool that divides a city into different zones to control the type of land use allowed in each area.
Transportation: This includes the ways in which people and goods move within an urban area, including public transit, private vehicles, walking, and cycling.
Sustainability: Urban sustainability is the ability of a city to maintain a high quality of life for its residents while minimizing its impact on the environment.
Housing: This includes the availability, affordability, and quality of housing within an urban area.
Public spaces: These are areas within a city that are accessible to the public, such as parks, squares, plazas, and streetscape.
Local governance: This refers to the systems and structures of local government that are responsible for managing urban areas.
Economic development: It encompasses the activities and policies aimed at improving the overall economic conditions of a city.
Heritage and preservation: This pertains to preserving the cultural and historical elements of a city's built environment, including landmarks and monuments.
Crime and safety: This includes the ways in which crime is prevented and managed within an urban area, such as law enforcement and community policing initiatives.
Demographics: This refers to the characteristics of the people who live in an urban area, such as their age, gender, income, and education.
Urban design: It refers to the deliberate shaping of the physical and social aspects of an urban area to improve its functionality, sustainability, and livability.
Gridiron: A type of urban form characterized by street patterns that are laid out in a grid-like fashion, usually perpendicular or parallel to each other.
Radial: A type of urban form where streets radiate outwards from a central point, such as a city center, in a pattern that resembles the spokes of a wheel.
Concentric: A type of urban form where streets are arranged in concentric circles, with the city center located in the middle.
Linear: A type of urban form that is elongated in shape, with a long and narrow corridor of buildings, such as along a main street or river.
Irregular: A type of urban form where the street pattern is random or unplanned, lacking any clear organizational pattern.
Organic: A type of urban form that is characterized by a buildup of buildings over time, with no clear plan or structure.
Satellite: A type of urban form where a cluster of buildings is located outside of a larger, central city, but is still connected economically or socially.
Megaform: A type of urban form that is composed of multiple separate zones or districts, each with its own unique characteristics and functions.
New Urbanism: A type of urban form that promotes mixed-use development, pedestrian-friendly streets, and the preservation of historic buildings and neighborhoods.
Edge City: A type of urban form often located on the periphery of a larger city, characterized by large office parks, shopping centers, and residential areas, creating a self-sufficient urban environment.
Suburban: A type of urban form developed in areas surrounding a larger city, primarily composed of residential subdivisions and commercial areas, often accessible only by car.
Compact City: A type of urban form characterized by high-density development, mixed-use areas, and an emphasis on public transportation and walkability.
Gated Communities: A type of urban form that features enclosed, private neighborhoods with controlled access, a common feature of suburban areas.
Megacity: A type of urban form characterized by a high population density and an expansive urban area, typically found in developing countries.
Smart City: A type of urban form that utilizes technology and data to improve urban infrastructure and services, such as transportation and public safety.
"...including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks and their accessibility."
"Many professional practitioners of urban planning, especially practitioners with the title 'urban planner,' study urban planning education, while some paraprofessional practitioners are educated in urban studies..."
"...others study and work in urban policy - the aspect of public policy used in the public administration subfield of political science that is most aligned with urban planning."
"Traditionally, urban planning followed a top-down approach in master planning the physical layout of human settlements."
"The primary concern was the public welfare, which included considerations of efficiency, sanitation, protection and use of the environment, as well as effects of the master plans on the social and economic activities."
"Over time, urban planning has adopted a focus on the social and environmental bottom-lines that focus on planning as a tool to improve the health and well-being of people while maintaining sustainability standards."
"In the early 21st century, Jane Jacobs's writings on legal and political perspectives effectively influenced urban planners to take into broader consideration of resident experiences and needs while planning."
"Urban planning answers questions about how people will live, work and play in a given area and thus, guides orderly development in urban, suburban and rural areas."
"Urban planners are also responsible for planning the efficient transportation of goods, resources, people and waste..."
"...a sense of inclusion and opportunity for people of all kinds, culture and needs; economic growth or business development; improving health and conserving areas of natural environmental significance..."
"Since most urban planning teams consist of highly educated individuals that work for city governments, recent debates focus on how to involve more community members in city planning processes."
"Urban planning is an interdisciplinary field that includes aspects of civil engineering, architecture, geography, political science, environmental studies, design sciences, history, economics, sociology, anthropology, business administration, and other fields."
"Practitioners of urban planning are concerned with research and analysis, strategic thinking, engineering architecture, urban design, public consultation, policy recommendations, implementation, and management."
"It is closely related to the field of urban design, and some urban planners provide designs for streets, parks, buildings, and other urban areas."
"The discipline of urban planning is the broader category that includes different sub-fields such as land-use planning, zoning, economic development, environmental planning, and transportation planning."
"Another important aspect of urban planning is that the range of urban planning projects include the large-scale master planning of empty sites or Greenfield projects as well as small-scale interventions and refurbishments of existing structures, buildings, and public spaces."
"Pierre Charles L'Enfant in Washington, D.C., Daniel Burnham in Chicago, Lúcio Costa in Brasília, and Georges-Eugene Haussmann in Paris planned cities from scratch, and Robert Moses and Le Corbusier refurbished and transformed cities and neighborhoods to meet their ideas of urban planning."
"Creating the plans requires a thorough understanding of penal codes and zonal codes of planning."
"Sustainable development was added as one of the main goals of all planning endeavors in the late 20th century when the detrimental economic and the environmental impacts of the previous models of planning had become apparent."