"Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial two-dimensional or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them."
The science of measuring and mapping land.
History of Surveying: Understanding the evolution of surveying techniques and equipment from ancient Mesopotamia to modern-day.
Common Surveying Instruments: Understanding the different types of surveying equipment such as GPS, total stations, spirit levels, and theodolites.
Surveying Units and Measurements: Understanding the various units of measurements used in surveying such as feet, meters, angles, and degrees.
Basic Surveying Calculations: Understanding basic mathematical calculations used in surveying such as area, perimeter, and distance.
Surveying Methods: Understanding the various methods of surveying including triangulation, trilateration, and traversing.
Geodetic Surveying: Understanding how geodetic surveying is used to establish positions on the Earth's surface relative to a known coordinate system.
Topographic Surveying: Understanding how topographic surveying is used to create detailed maps of physical features, contours, and elevations.
Land Surveying: Understanding how land surveying is used to mark boundaries, determine property lines, and create legal descriptions for real estate.
Hydrographic Surveying: Understanding how hydrographic surveying is used to map the underwater terrain of bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, and oceans.
Photogrammetry: Understanding how photogrammetry is used to create maps and three-dimensional models using aerial photography and other imagery.
Remote Sensing: G: Understanding how remote sensing is used to gather data about the Earth's surface using satellite imagery, LiDAR, and other sensors.
GIS (Geographic Information System): Understanding how GIS is used to manage, analyze, and display geographic data for a variety of applications.
Legal Aspects of Surveying: Understanding the legal aspects of surveying such as property rights and land ownership, easements, and boundary disputes.
Ethics and Professionalism in Surveying: Understanding the ethical and professional standards expected of surveyors and how to maintain good practice standards.
Safety Considerations in Surveying: Understanding the safety protocols and procedures for working in different surveying environments such as construction sites, remote locations, and hazardous terrain.
ALTA/ACSM Land Title Survey: This survey is used to determine the boundaries and physical features of a particular property based on state and national standards.
Boundary Survey: This survey is used to determine the location of property lines, corners, and boundaries.
Construction Survey: This survey is used to provide information about the location of structures and other features on a building site.
Hydrographic Survey: This survey is used to map the depth and features of bodies of water.
Geodetic Survey: This survey is used to provide accurate measurements of the earth’s surface, including the shape and size of the earth.
GPS Survey: This survey is used to measure the location, elevation, and other characteristics of points on the earth’s surface using Global Positioning System technology.
Mining Survey: This survey is used to map and measure the various mining features such as the location of coal, minerals, and ore deposits.
Photogrammetry Survey: This survey is used to measure the dimensions of objects and land features from photographs taken from the air or satellite.
Topographic Survey: This survey is used to provide information about the shape and features of the land, including hills, valleys, and other physical features.
Subdivision Survey: This survey is used to divide land into smaller parcels for development or sale.
Roof Survey: This survey is used to determine the condition, slope, drainage, and other characteristics of a roof.
Route Survey: This survey is used to provide information about the location and features of transportation routes such as highways, railways, and canals.
Site Planning Survey: This survey is used to provide detailed information about the topography, drainage, and other features of a site to aid in the design of buildings and structures.
Utility Survey: This survey is used to determine the location and characteristics of underground utilities such as gas, water, sewer, and electric lines.
Wetland Survey: This survey is used to provide information about the boundaries, physical features, and vegetation of wetlands.
"A land surveying professional is called a land surveyor."
"These points are usually on the surface of the Earth, and they are often used to establish maps and boundaries for ownership, locations, such as the designed positions of structural components for construction or the surface location of subsurface features, or other purposes required by government or civil law, such as property sales."
"Surveyors work with elements of geodesy, geometry, trigonometry, regression analysis, physics, engineering, metrology, programming languages, and the law."
"They use equipment, such as total stations, robotic total stations, theodolites, GNSS receivers, retroreflectors, 3D scanners, LiDAR sensors, radios, inclinometer, handheld tablets, optical and digital levels, subsurface locators, drones, GIS, and surveying software."
"Surveying has been an element in the development of the human environment since the beginning of recorded history."
"The planning and execution of most forms of construction require it."
"It is also used in transport, communications, mapping, and the definition of legal boundaries for land ownership."
"It is an important tool for research in many other scientific disciplines."
"The techniques used include determining terrestrial positions, measuring distances and angles between points."
"These measurements are used to establish maps, boundaries, and designed positions of structural components."
"It is used to define legal boundaries for land ownership."
"Equipment such as total stations, robotic total stations, and GNSS receivers are used for precise measurements."
"Surveyors work with elements of geodesy, a scientific discipline related to the Earth's shape and gravitational field."
"Surveyors use surveying software to assist in data processing and analysis."
"Surveying is required for property sales to establish accurate boundaries."
"It is used in defining positions for communication infrastructure such as towers and cables."
"Surveying is crucial in the creation of accurate maps."
"Subsurface locators are used to determine the surface location of subsurface features."
"Surveyors use 3D scanners to capture and analyze three-dimensional data for various applications."