"A spatial database is a general-purpose database (usually a relational database) that has been enhanced to include spatial data that represents objects defined in a geometric space, along with tools for querying and analyzing such data."
A tool for managing spatial data, including querying, editing, and analyzing data in a GIS.
GIS basics: Introduces fundamental concepts of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) like spatial data, coordinate systems, and geocoding.
Spatial Types: Covers the geographic data types used by spatial databases, like Points, Lines, Polygons etc.
Geometry and Topology: Explains the geometry of spatial data and their relationship to one another.
Spatial Queries: Teaches how to use SQL spatial functions to query spatial data and retrieve specific results.
Spatial indexing: Explains the different types of indexing techniques used by spatial databases to optimize performance and speed up queries.
Data Acquisition Techniques: Provides an overview of techniques to collect and capture spatial data through different sources.
Data quality control: Discusses how to check the quality of spatial data, as well as how to fix issues like missing data and errors.
Map projections: Explains how map projections work, and how to transform spatial data from one projection to another.
Spatial Analysis: Conducting spatial analysis techniques on spatial data, such as buffer, distance, and overlay operations.
Spatial Data Mining: Provides an overview of spatial data mining techniques and their application in spatial data analysis.
Spatial Statistics: Introduces statistical techniques for analyzing spatial data, such as interpolation, clustering, and regression analysis.
Spatial Data Visualization: Explores techniques for visualizing spatial data, such as heat maps, choropleth maps, and 3D visualization.
Remote sensing: Discusses the use of satellite and aerial imagery to capture spatial data.
Web GIS: Describes how to create and publish interactive web maps and web applications using spatial data.
Mobile GIS: Covers how to use spatial data in mobile devices and location-based services.
Raster databases: This type of spatial database is used to store and manage spatial data that are represented in a grid format using pixels.
Vector databases: Vector databases store and manage spatial data that are represented as points, lines, or polygons. This type of database is commonly used for geographic information systems (GIS).
Object-oriented databases: These databases store object-oriented spatial data models. This type of database is used for representing complex and non-spatial data such as metadata or documents.
Topological databases: These databases store spatial data that are organized based on their topological relationships. This type of database is used in GIS for network analysis and route planning applications.
Object-relational databases: These databases combine the features of object-oriented databases and traditional relational databases. They are used for managing complex spatial data that combine both spatial and non-spatial information.
Geometric networks: Geometric networks are used to store and manage spatial data that represent linear features of a network, such as roads, rivers, and pipelines.
Triangulated irregular networks: This type of database is used to store and manage terrain data. It represents terrain surfaces as a set of interlocking triangles.
Multi-dimensional databases: These databases store and manage spatial data that contain multiple dimensions, such as time, depth, and height. They are used in applications that require spatial data analysis over time or other dimensions.
Hierarchical databases: Hierarchical databases are used to store and manage spatial data that are organized hierarchically, such as administrative boundaries or levels of detail in a map.
Spatial data warehouses: These databases are used to integrate and manage large amounts of spatial data from multiple sources. They are designed for data analysis and decision-making processes in various fields such as urban planning, transportation, and natural resource management.
"Most spatial databases allow the representation of simple geometric objects such as points, lines and polygons."
"Some spatial databases handle more complex structures such as 3D objects, topological coverages, linear networks, and triangulated irregular networks (TINs)."
"While typical databases have developed to manage various numeric and character types of data, such databases require additional functionality to process spatial data types efficiently, and developers have often added geometry or feature data types."
"The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) developed the Simple Features specification (first released in 1997) and sets standards for adding spatial functionality to database systems."
"The SQL/MM Spatial ISO/IEC standard is a part of the SQL/MM multimedia standard and extends the Simple Features standard with data types that support circular interpolations."
"Almost all current relational and object-relational database management systems now have spatial extensions."
"Some GIS software vendors have developed their own spatial extensions to database management systems."
"A geodatabase is a georeferenced spatial database, used for storing and manipulating geographic data (or geodata), i.e., data associated with a location on Earth."
"The term 'geodatabase' may also refer specifically to a set of proprietary spatial database formats, Geodatabase (Esri)."
"The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) developed the Simple Features specification (first released in 1997)..."
"Most spatial databases allow the representation of simple geometric objects such as points, lines and polygons."
"Such databases require additional functionality to process spatial data types efficiently..."
"The SQL/MM Spatial ISO/IEC standard is a part of the SQL/MM multimedia standard and extends the Simple Features standard with data types that support circular interpolations."
"Almost all current relational and object-relational database management systems now have spatial extensions."
"The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) developed the Simple Features specification..."
"A geodatabase is used for storing and manipulating geographic data (or geodata)..."
"Some spatial databases handle more complex structures such as 3D objects, topological coverages, linear networks, and triangulated irregular networks (TINs)."
"The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) developed the Simple Features specification... sets standards for adding spatial functionality to database systems."
"The term 'geodatabase' may also refer specifically to a set of proprietary spatial database formats, Geodatabase (Esri)."