"Cartography (...) is the study and practice of making and using maps."
The art and science of map-making, including map design principles, projection systems, and map elements.
Map projections: The mathematical transformation of the Earth's curved surface onto a flat map.
Spatial data: Any data that can have a geographic location attached to it.
Geographic coordinate systems: A system of coordinates that describes the Earth's position in the form of latitude and longitude.
Digital mapping: The creation of digital maps using computers and specialized software.
Cartographic design: The art and science of creating maps that are visually appealing and effectively communicate information.
GIS data sources: The different types of data used in GIS, including satellite imagery, aerial photography, and vector datasets.
GIS software: The software used to create, analyze, and display GIS data, including ArcGIS, QGIS, and Google Earth.
Spatial analysis: A way of analyzing spatial data to gain insight into patterns and relationships.
Map creation: The process of creating a map from raw data.
Web mapping: The creation and publishing of interactive maps on the web.
Geocoding: The process of converting a physical address into latitude and longitude coordinates.
Map scale: A way of expressing the relationship between a distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground.
Map symbols: The symbols used on a map to represent physical features and other data.
Topography: The physical features of the Earth's surface, including hills, mountains, and bodies of water.
Map data visualization: The creation of maps using different types of data visualization techniques to effectively communicate information to a specific audience.
Map production workflow: The process of creating a map, including data acquisition, data processing, data analysis, and map creation.
Spatial statistics: The study of spatial data using statistical techniques.
Map projections and distortions: The different types of map projections and the way they can distort or alter the representation of geographic information.
Georeferencing: The process of assigning geographic coordinates to an image or map.
Remote sensing: The use of sensors to collect data about the Earth's surface from a distance.
Thematic Mapping: The creation of maps that depict a specific theme or topic, such as population density, agriculture, or climate patterns.
Topographic Mapping: The creation of detailed maps that show elevation and land contours of a specific area, usually used for navigation, hiking, or military purposes.
Climate Mapping: The visual representation of climate patterns, weather events, as well as changes in temperature, precipitation, wind, and other meteorological variables in a specific area.
Geologic Mapping: The creation of maps that present the composition, structure, and distribution of rocks, minerals, and other geological features in a particular region to help in mineral exploration, environmental assessments, or geotechnical engineering.
Road Mapping: The creation of maps that depict the road network of a particular region, with information regarding the type of the road, the speed limit, the direction of traffic, and other transportation-related data.
Urban Mapping: The creation of maps that depict urban landscapes, infrastructure, and features, such as buildings, parks, streets, and public areas, usually employed in urban planning or architecture.
Satellite Mapping: The use of satellite imagery to create high-resolution maps, aerial views, and 3D models of the earth's surface, used in a variety of applications, including land-use planning, environmental monitoring, and disaster response.
"Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an imagined reality) can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively."
"The fundamental objectives of traditional cartography are to: - Set the map's agenda and select traits of the object to be mapped. This is the concern of map editing. Traits may be physical, such as roads or land masses, or may be abstract, such as toponyms or political boundaries." - "Represent the terrain of the mapped object on flat media. This is the concern of map projections." - "Eliminate the mapped object's characteristics that are irrelevant to the map's purpose. This is the concern of generalization." - "Reduce the complexity of the characteristics that will be mapped. This is also the concern of generalization." - "Orchestrate the elements of the map to best convey its message to its audience. This is the concern of map design."
"This is the concern of map editing. Traits may be physical, such as roads or land masses, or may be abstract, such as toponyms or political boundaries."
"This is the concern of map projections, to represent the terrain of the mapped object on flat media."
"This is the concern of generalization, to eliminate the mapped object's characteristics that are irrelevant to the map's purpose and reduce the complexity of the characteristics that will be mapped."
"This is the concern of map design, to orchestrate the elements of the map to best convey its message to its audience."
"Traits may be physical, such as roads or land masses, or may be abstract, such as toponyms or political boundaries."
"Cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an imagined reality) can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively."
"Modern cartography constitutes many theoretical and practical foundations of geographic information systems (GIS) and geographic information science (GISc)."
"Cartography (; from Ancient Greek: χάρτης chartēs, 'papyrus, sheet of paper, map'; and γράφειν graphein, 'write')"
"Combining science, aesthetics, and technique"
"Represent the terrain of the mapped object on flat media. This is the concern of map projections."
"To orchestrate the elements of the map to best convey its message to its audience."
"To eliminate the mapped object's characteristics that are irrelevant to the map's purpose and reduce the complexity of the characteristics that will be mapped."
"Cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an imagined reality) can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively."
"To set the map's agenda and select traits of the object to be mapped."
"Physical traits, such as roads or land masses"
"Abstract traits, such as toponyms or political boundaries."
"The main objectives of traditional cartography are to set the map's agenda, represent the terrain, eliminate irrelevant characteristics, reduce complexity, and convey its message effectively."