"Environmental justice or eco-justice, is a social movement to address environmental injustice, which occurs when poor and marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit."
Covers topics such as environmental racism, unequal distribution of environmental benefits and burdens, indigenous rights, and social movements.
Environmental justice: Understanding the concept of environmental injustice and why it is important.
Environmental racism: The study of the disproportionate impact of pollution and environmental degradation on communities of colour and marginalized communities.
Environmental ethics: The study of moral and ethical issues related to the environment and the impact of human activities on the natural world.
Environmental policy: The study of laws, regulations, and policies used to address environmental issues.
Environmental history: The study of how environmental factors have shaped human history and vice versa.
Ecological footprint: The measurement of the impact of human activities on the environment, including resource consumption and waste production.
Climate change: The study of how human activities are affecting the Earth's climate, and the social and economic impacts of climate change.
Sustainability: The study of how to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Environmental health: The study of how environmental factors affect human health, including air and water pollution, toxic chemicals, and other environmental hazards.
Environmental science: The interdisciplinary study of the natural world, including both physical and biological sciences.
Environmental economics: The study of how economic factors impact the environment and the costs and benefits of environmental policies.
Environmental law: The study of laws related to the environment, including regulations related to air and water quality, endangered species, and toxic waste.
Environmental activism: The study of how individuals and groups can work to address environmental issues and promote environmental justice.
Energy and resource management: The study of efficient and sustainable use of natural resources and energy.
Water management and conservation: The study of how to manage and conserve water resources, including sustainable water use, purification and treatment, and the impact of water management on the environment and human health.
Distributive Environmental Justice: This type of Environmental Justice focuses on the equitable distribution of environmental benefits and costs across different communities and populations. It seeks to ensure that marginalized groups do not bear an unequal burden of environmental harms.
Procedural Environmental Justice: This type of Environmental Justice emphasizes the importance of involving affected communities in environmental decision-making processes. It calls for equitable access to information, public participation, and decision-making power in environmental policy-making.
Restorative Environmental Justice: This type of Environmental Justice seeks to restore the environmental and social damage caused by environmental injustices. It emphasizes the importance of remediation, restoration, and compensation for the affected communities.
Transformative Environmental Justice: This type of Environmental Justice calls for a fundamental transformation of the economic, political, and social systems that perpetuate environmental injustices. It emphasizes the need for systemic change that goes beyond individual actions and policies.
Recognition Environmental Justice: This type of Environmental Justice centers on the recognition of the cultural, spiritual, and historical significance of natural resources and ecosystems for different communities. It emphasizes the importance of respecting diverse worldviews and cultural practices in environmental policy-making.
"The movement began in the United States in the 1980s."
"It was heavily influenced by the American civil rights movement and focused on environmental racism within rich countries."
"The movement was later expanded to consider gender, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups."
"The movement for environmental justice has thus become more global, with some of its aims now being articulated by the United Nations. The movement overlaps with movements for Indigenous land rights and for the human right to a healthy environment."
"The goal of the environmental justice movement is to achieve agency for marginalized communities in making environmental decisions that affect their lives."
"The global environmental justice movement arises from local environmental conflicts in which environmental defenders frequently confront multi-national corporations in resource extraction or other industries."
"Local outcomes of these conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks."
"Environmental justice scholars have produced a large interdisciplinary body of social science literature that includes contributions to political ecology, environmental law, and theories on justice and sustainability."
"Environmental injustice, which occurs when poor and marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit."
"The movement began in the United States in the 1980s."
"The movement was heavily influenced by the American civil rights movement and focused on environmental racism within rich countries."
"The movement was later expanded to consider gender, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups."
"As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the Global South (as, for example, through extractivism or the global waste trade)."
"The movement overlaps with movements for Indigenous land rights and for the human right to a healthy environment."
"The goal of the environmental justice movement is to achieve agency for marginalized communities in making environmental decisions that affect their lives."
"Local outcomes of these conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks."
"Environmental justice scholars have produced a large interdisciplinary body of social science literature that includes contributions to political ecology, environmental law, and theories on justice and sustainability."
"Exposure to environmental harm is inequitably distributed."
"As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the Global South."