"Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the estimate of the span of a life."
The average number of years a person is expected to live based on current mortality rates.
Definition of life expectancy: Life expectancy is the average lifespan of an individual in a population, and it is calculated using statistical methods based on death rates.
Historical trends in life expectancy: Examining patterns in changes in life expectancy over time, including variations across different countries and cultural groups.
Mortality rates: Understanding the various factors that influence mortality rates, such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status.
Causes of death: Identifying the leading causes of death in different populations, such as heart disease, cancer, and infectious diseases.
Health behaviors: Examining how lifestyle choices, such as diet and exercise, can impact life expectancy.
Genetics: Understanding how genetic factors can contribute to longevity and analyzing the role of genetic inheritance in variations in life expectancy between individuals and populations.
Healthcare access: Analyzing the impact of access to healthcare on life expectancy, including issues such as availability, affordability, and quality.
Population growth: Examining the relationship between population growth and life expectancy, and how it can affect social and economic development.
Environmental factors: Identifying how environmental factors such as air pollution, water quality, and climate change can impact life expectancy.
Demographic shifts: Analyzing how demographic shifts, such as aging populations or changes in migration patterns, can influence life expectancy in different regions and populations.
Social determinants of health: Identifying the social and economic factors that influence health outcomes and life expectancy, such as income inequality, education, and social support.
Quality of life: Examining how quality of life measures, such as happiness and well-being, can contribute to a longer life expectancy.
Policy strategies: Analyzing the impact of policy strategies, such as public health programs and social welfare policies, on life expectancy in different populations.
Crude life expectancy: It is the average number of years a newborn can expect to live if the prevailing age-specific death rates remain unchanged throughout their lifetime.
Period life expectancy: It is a measure of the average number of years that a person can expect to live if the age-specific death rates of a specific period continue throughout the person's life.
Cohort life expectancy: It refers to the average number of years a person from a specified birth cohort is expected to live once the cohort has reached a certain age.
Healthy life expectancy: It is a measure of the number of years a person can expect to live in good health or without disabilities or chronic illnesses.
Disability-free life expectancy: It is the measure of the average number of years a person can expect to live free from any disability or chronic condition.
Expected remaining years of life: It is the average number of years a person can expect to live after a certain age, such as 65 or 80 years old.
Conservative life expectancy: It is a measure of the average number of years that a person is expected to live, based on the assumption that recent rates of mortality improvement will not be sustained.
Progressive life expectancy: It is a measure of the average number of years that a person is expected to live, based on the assumption that recent rates of mortality improvement will continue.
Conditional life expectancy: It refers to the average number of years of life remaining for a person who has already attained a certain age, usually expressed in terms of survival probabilities.
Longevity divergence: It is the difference in life expectancy between different groups or regions, which can reveal inequalities in health outcomes or access to healthcare.
"Cohort LEB is the mean length of life of a birth cohort" and "Period LEB is the mean length of life of a hypothetical cohort assumed to be exposed, from birth through death, to the mortality rates observed at a given year."
"In the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, human LEB was 26 years; in 2010, world LEB was 67.2 years."
"LEB in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) is 49, while LEB in Japan is 83."
"The combination of high infant mortality and deaths in young adulthood from accidents, epidemics, plagues, wars, and childbirth, before modern medicine was widely available, significantly lowers LEB."
"In populations with high infant mortality rates, LEB is highly sensitive to the rate of death in the first few years of life."
"A different measure, such as life expectancy at age 5 (e5), can be used to exclude the effect of infant mortality to provide a simple measure of overall mortality rates other than in early childhood."
"Until the middle of the 20th century, infant mortality was approximately 40–60% of the total mortality."
"Excluding child mortality, the average life expectancy during the 12th–19th centuries was approximately 55 years."
"As of 2016, the overall worldwide life expectancy had reached the highest level that has been measured in modern times."
"Pre-modern societies had universally higher mortality rates and lower life expectancies at every age for both males and females."
"Longevity refers to the relatively long lifespan of some members of a population. Maximum lifespan is the age at death for the longest-lived individual of a species."
"Mathematically, life expectancy is denoted as e_x and is the mean number of years of life remaining at a given age x, with a particular mortality."
"Life expectancy is also used in plant or animal ecology."
"The concept of life expectancy may also be used in the context of manufactured objects, though the related term shelf life is commonly used for consumer products, and the terms 'mean time to breakdown' and 'mean time between failures' are used in engineering."