"In demography, demographic transition is a phenomenon and theory which refers to the historical shift from high birth rates and high death rates in societies with minimal technology, education (especially of women) and economic development, to low birth rates and low death rates in societies with advanced technology, education and economic development, as well as the stages between these, to scenarios."
A model that describes how populations change over time from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.
Demographic transition theory: An introduction to the general theory and its purpose in explaining population change over time.
Population dynamics: The study of how population size, composition, and distribution change over time, including factors that influence population growth and decline.
Fertility: The number of children that women bear in their reproductive years, and the factors that contribute to variations in fertility rates over time and across different populations.
Mortality: Deaths and death rates in a population, including trends in mortality rates over time and factors that contribute to changes in life expectancy.
Migration: The movement of people from one place to another, and the role it plays in shaping demographic patterns.
Age structure: The distribution of population by age groups, and its implications for future population change.
Population policies: The government interventions aimed at influencing population change, including family planning programs and immigration policies.
Population projections: Estimates of future population size and structure, and their usefulness for planning purposes.
Urbanization: The process of population concentration in urban areas, and its impact on demographic patterns.
Gender and demographic change: The ways in which gender roles and inequalities affect population growth, fertility, and mortality.
Health issues: The connection between population health and demographic change.
Environmental issues: How demographic change interacts with environmental changes, such as climate change, and how this impacts demographic transition.
Education: Levels of education impact the demographic transition stage a society is in.
Social welfare policy: Policies that impact the social welfare of individuals can often change the direction of demographic transition of a nation.
Economic growth: Economic growth can greatly influence demographic transition.
Classic Demographic Transition Theory: This theory suggests that societies go through distinct population growth stages characterized by high birth rates and high death rates, followed by declining birth rates and declining death rates, leading to a stable population.
Extended Demographic Transition Theory: This theory goes beyond the classic model to consider the role of social and economic development in demographic changes. It includes factors such as increased life expectancy, urbanization, education, and changes in social norms.
Alternative Demographic Transition Theory: This theory challenges the assumption that countries will follow a similar demographic path. It suggests that countries may experience different patterns of population change based on variations in cultural, economic, and historical circumstances.
Contemporary Demographic Transition Theory: This theory incorporates the effects of globalization, migration, and international inequality. It recognizes that demographic changes in one country can have global implications and that population change is shaped by international factors.
Reverse Demographic Transition Theory: This theory explores the possibility of a population decline in developed countries that have already gone through demographic transition. It suggests that declining birth rates, increased life expectancy, and changing social norms will lead to a shrinking population in these countries.
Feminist Demographic Theory: This theory emphasizes the role of gender in demographic change, particularly in relation to women's reproductive and work roles. It suggests that gender inequality can lead to high fertility rates and limited economic opportunities for women, which can impede demographic transition.
"...advanced technology, education and economic development..."
"The demographic transition strengthens economic growth process by three changes: (i) Reduced dilution of capital and land stock (ii) Increased investment in human capital. (iii) increased the size of the labor force relative to the total population and changed age population distribution."
"...the unprecedented population growth of the post-Malthusian period was reversed, reducing birth rates and population growth significantly in all regions of the world..."
"...societies with minimal technology, education (especially of women) and economic development..."
"...the stages between these..."
"...enabling economies to translate more of the gains of factor accumulation and technological progress into per capita income growth."
"...the theory and model are frequently imprecise when applied to individual countries due to specific social, political and economic factors affecting particular populations."
"...specific social, political and economic factors affecting particular populations."
"...the well-established historical correlation linking dropping fertility to social and economic development."
"Scholars debate whether industrialization and higher incomes lead to lower population, or whether lower populations lead to industrialization and higher incomes."
"Scholars also debate to what extent various proposed and sometimes inter-related factors such as higher per capita income, lower mortality, old-age security, and rise of demand for human capital are involved."
"Human capital gradually increased in the second stage of the industrial revolution, which coincided with the demographic transition."
"The increasing role of human capital in the production process led to the investment of human capital in children by families, which may be the beginning of the demographic transition."
"The demographic transition has swept the world over the past two centuries..."
"...the theory and model are frequently imprecise when applied to individual countries due to specific social, political and economic factors affecting particular populations."
"Reduced dilution of capital and land stock..."
"Increased investment in human capital..."
"Reduced dilution of capital and land stock..."
"...increased the size of the labor force relative to the total population and changed age population distribution."