- Quote: "It tends to promote the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty over its perceived homeland to create a nation-state."
The strong belief that the interests of a particular nation-state are of primary importance.
Definition of nationalism: Nationalism is a political ideology that emphasizes the importance of a shared national identity and promotes the interests of a particular nation-state.
History of nationalism: The origins of nationalism can be traced back to the late 18th and early 19th centuries, when it emerged as a response to the changing politics and social dynamics of European society.
Types of nationalism: Nationalism can be classified into different types, such as ethnic nationalism, civic nationalism, and religious nationalism, based on the nature of the national identity.
Importance of language in nationalism: Language plays a crucial role in the formation and maintenance of national identity, and has often been used as a tool to assert nationalistic sentiments.
Role of cultural symbols and practices in nationalism: Cultural symbols and practices, such as flags, anthems, customs, and traditions, are critical in the construction of national identity and the promotion of nationalist ideology.
Impact of colonialism on nationalism: The experience of colonialism and imperial rule has had a significant impact on the development and spread of nationalist movements around the world, by providing a narrative of resistance against foreign domination.
Globalization and nationalism: Globalization and the rise of transnational forces have challenged the traditional notion of the nation-state and led to the resurgence of nationalist movements in many parts of the world.
Nationalism and identity politics: Nationalism is closely linked with identity politics, which involve the mobilization of social groups on the basis of shared cultural characteristics.
Impact of nationalism on international relations: Nationalism can have both positive and negative consequences for international relations, by promoting mutual understanding and cooperation or instigating conflict and rivalry.
Critiques of nationalism: There are several critiques of nationalism that challenge its assumptions and implications, such as the potential for exclusionary politics, the blurring of distinctions between the state and the people, and the creation of artificial divisions among human populations.
Civic Nationalism: This type of nationalism is based on the ideas of the common good, shared values, and loyalty to the nation-state rather than ethnic heritage. Civic nationalists believe that people can become a part of the nation by affirming its principles and values.
Ethnic Nationalism: Ethnic nationalism tends to stress the importance of maintaining the cultural and biological heritage of an ethnic group. Ethnic nationalists believe that members of a nation are united by a common ancestry, language, religion, or culture.
Cultural Nationalism: Cultural nationalism emphasizes the importance of creating and promoting a unique national culture that distinguishes a group of people from other cultures. It involves the celebration of cultural heritage, customs, traditions, and symbols.
Religious Nationalism: This type of nationalism promotes the idea that a particular religion or faith is integral to the national identity. Religious nationalists believe that the national identity is based on their shared religious beliefs.
Expansionist Nationalism: Expansionist nationalism seeks to expand the nation beyond its current borders. This type of nationalism often involves aggressive foreign policies and military conquests to establish or enlarge the state.
Postcolonial Nationalism: Postcolonial nationalism refers to the political and cultural movement that emerged after the colonial era. It aims to reclaim and celebrate the national identity that was suppressed or erased during the colonial period.
Anti-Colonial Nationalism: Anti-colonial nationalism is a form of nationalism that emerged during the struggle against colonialism, emphasizing the need to resist foreign domination and assert a national identity.
Supremacist Nationalism: Supremacist nationalism promotes the belief that one ethnic or cultural group is superior to others. This type of nationalism often leads to prejudice, discrimination, and violence against minority groups within the nation-state.
Territorial Nationalism: Territorial nationalism emphasizes the importance of maintaining the physical borders of a nation-state as the basis of national identity.
Revolutionary Nationalism: Revolutionary nationalism promotes radical actions to change the existing political system or social order to assert the national identity of a group.
- Quote: "It holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power."
- Quote: "It further aims to build and maintain a single national identity, based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics, religion, traditions, and belief in a shared singular history."
- Quote: "Nationalism, therefore, seeks to preserve and foster a nation's traditional culture."
- Quote: "The two main divergent forms identified by scholars are ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism."
- Quote: "Beginning in the late 18th century, particularly with the French Revolution and the spread of the principle of popular sovereignty or self-determination, the idea that 'the people' should rule is developed by political theorists."
- Quote: "This view has since been rejected by most scholars, and nations are now viewed as socially constructed and historically contingent."
- Quote: "Modernization theory... adopts a constructivist approach and proposes that nationalism emerged due to processes of modernization, such as industrialization, urbanization, and mass education, which made national consciousness possible."
- Quote: "Proponents of this theory describe nations as 'imagined communities' and nationalism as an 'invented tradition' in which shared sentiment provides a form of collective identity and binds individuals together in political solidarity."
- Quote: "A third theory, ethnosymbolism explains nationalism as a product of symbols, myths, and traditions, and is associated with the work of Anthony D. Smith."
- Quote: "The moral value of nationalism, the relationship between nationalism and patriotism, and the compatibility of nationalism and cosmopolitanism are all subjects of philosophical debate."
- Quote: "Nationalism can be combined with diverse political goals and ideologies such as conservatism (national conservatism and right-wing populism) or socialism (left-wing nationalism)."
- Quote: "In practice, nationalism is seen as positive or negative depending on its ideology and outcomes."
- Quote: "Nationalism has been a feature of movements for freedom and justice, has been associated with cultural revivals, and encourages pride in national achievements."
- Quote: "It has also been used to legitimize racial, ethnic, and religious divisions, suppress or attack minorities, and undermine human rights and democratic traditions."
- Quote: "It tends to promote the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty over its perceived homeland to create a nation-state."
- Quote: "It further aims to build and maintain a single national identity, based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics (or the government), religion, traditions and belief in a shared singular history."
- Quote: "It holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power."
- Quote: "Three main theories have been used to explain the emergence of nationalism: Primordialism (perennialism), Modernization theory, and Ethnosymbolism."
- Quote: "Nationalism, therefore, seeks to preserve and foster a nation's traditional culture."