"Colonialism is a practice by which a country controls people or areas, often by establishing colonies, generally for strategic and economic advancement."
The political and economic domination of one country by another, often with the aim of exploiting resources and creating a system of racial hierarchy.
Imperialism: The political and economic control of one country over another, often undertaken through military force.
Racism: The discriminatory treatment of individuals or groups based on their perceived racial or ethnic background.
Slavery: The practice of forcing people to work against their will, often based on their race or ethnicity.
Indigenous Peoples: The native populations of a particular region or country, often subjected to colonialism and forced assimilation.
Nationalism: The belief in the superiority of one's own nation, often used to justify imperialism and colonialism.
Postcolonialism: The critical analysis of the legacy of colonialism, including its impact on culture, society, and politics.
Decolonization: The process of ending colonial rule and establishing independence, often accompanied by social and political reforms.
Intersectionality: The recognition of the ways in which race, gender, sexuality, and other social categories interact to shape individual experiences and societal structures.
White supremacy: The belief that white people are inherently superior, often used to justify colonialism and racism.
Gender and sexuality: The ways in which colonialism and imperialism affected gender and sexual roles, identities, and relationships.
Globalization: The integration of economic, cultural, and political systems across national boundaries, often shaped by colonial legacies.
Environmental justice: The recognition of the disproportionate impact of environmental degradation on marginalized communities, often linked to colonialism and exploitation.
Epistemology: The study of knowledge and how it's constructed, often important in decolonial efforts to challenge dominant narratives and forms of knowledge production.
Cultural imperialism: The imposition of one culture onto another, often through colonial power relations.
Anti-colonial resistance: The struggles and efforts of those who resist and challenge colonialism through protest, activism, and other forms of resistance.
Settler Colonialism: This type of colonialism involves the displacement of the indigenous population by settlers who came to establish a new life in the region. It is characterized by the erasure of indigenous history, land, and cultures.
Exploitation Colonialism: This type of colonialism involves the exploitation of resources, labor force, and production processes of colonies. It is characterized by unequal economic relations between the colonizer and the colonized.
Administrative Colonialism: This type of colonialism involves the establishment of colonial administrations over a specific territory or region. It is characterized by the imposition of colonial law, language, religion, and culture on the subject population.
Commercial Colonialism: This type of colonialism involves the establishment of commercial enterprises and trading companies in colonies. It is characterized by the control of the economy of colonies by foreigners.
Cultural Colonialism: This type of colonialism involves the imposition of Western cultural standards and practices on non-Western cultures. It is characterized by the promotion of Western art, literature, and ideas as superior and the devaluation of non-Western cultures and traditions.
Scientific Colonialism: This type of colonialism involves the appropriation of knowledge systems and scientific research by colonial powers. It is characterized by the imbalance in the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge, favoring the interests of the colonizer.
Patriarchal Colonialism: This type of colonialism involves the imposition of patriarchal norms and values on colonized societies. It is characterized by the subjugation of women and the control of their bodies and sexuality by men.
Racial Colonialism: This type of colonialism involves the establishment of racial hierarchies to justify the exploitation and marginalization of specific racial groups in the colony. It is characterized by the reinforcement of racial stereotypes and discrimination against non-European peoples.
Genocidal Colonialism: This type of colonialism involves the extermination of colonized peoples by colonial powers, with the aim of erasing their culture, history, and presence. It is characterized by violence, forced displacement, and mass murder.
"Colonialism is etymologically rooted in the Latin word 'Colonus', which was used to describe tenant farmers in the Roman Empire."
"Colonialism has existed since ancient times."
"The concept is most strongly associated with the European and Japanese empires."
"Starting in the 15th century and extending to the mid-1900s."
"At first, conquest followed policies of mercantilism, aiming to strengthen the home-country economy."
"Agreements usually restricted the colony to trading only with the metropole (mother country)."
"By the mid-19th century."
"Missionaries were active in practically all of the European-controlled colonies because the metropoles were Christian."
"Historian Philip Hoffman calculated that by 1800, before the Industrial Revolution, Europeans already controlled at least 35% of the globe."
"By 1914, they had gained control of 84% of the globe."
"Colonial powers retreated between 1945 and 1975; over which time nearly all colonies gained independence, entering into changed colonial, so-called postcolonial and neocolonialist relations."
"The coloni sharecroppers started as tenants of landlords, but the system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
"The system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
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