"Environmental justice or eco-justice, is a social movement to address environmental injustice, which occurs when poor and marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit."
The role of science in understanding and addressing environmental justice issues, including environmental health research and pollution monitoring.
Ecosystems: Study of all living and non-living things and how they interact within the environment.
Pollution: Study of the impact of human activities on the environment resulting in pollution of air, soil, and water.
Conservation: Focuses on increasing awareness of natural resources and preserving them for the future.
Climate Change: Study of changes in the earth's climate caused by global warming.
Sustainability: Focuses on balancing the use of earth's resources with the need to protect it for future generations.
Environmental Ethics: Study of how people should behave towards the environment.
Environmental Policy: Study of laws and regulations designed to protect the environment from harm.
Energy: Study of renewable energy sources and their impact on the environment.
Environmental Health: Study of how the environment affects human health.
Waste Management: Focuses on how to properly dispose of waste to minimize the impact on the environment.
Water Quality: Study of the quality of water in lakes, rivers, and oceans.
Land Use: Focuses on the way land is used, and the impact of human activities on various ecosystems.
Environmental Economics: Study of how the environment can affect the economy.
Environmental Humanities: Study of the relationship between humans and the environment.
Environmental Racism: Focuses on the impact of racial discrimination on the environment and its inhabitants.
Environmental Law: Examines how law shapes environmental policy and how policy influences the law. It focuses on regulatory approaches and mechanisms to mitigate environmental problems.
Environmental Economics: Focuses on the economic aspects of environmental issues. It examines the relationship between economic activity and the environment, along with the costs and benefits of environmental policies.
Environmental Policy: Examines the development, implementation, and evaluation of environmental policies. It analyzes the role of government and other actors in shaping environmental policy.
Environmental Health: Concerned with the relationship between the environment and human health. It explores the impact of environmental factors on health, including air and water pollution, toxic chemicals, and climate change.
Ecotoxicology: Focuses on the effects of pollutants on the environment and the organisms that inhabit it. It examines how pollutants move through ecosystems and how their effects can be measured and managed.
Conservation Biology: Concerned with the preservation and management of species and ecosystems. It focuses on the threats to biodiversity and the mechanisms by which species and ecosystems can be protected.
Sustainability Science: Examines how human societies can achieve sustainable development, balancing economic growth with environmental protection and social equity.
Climate Science: Focuses on the study of climate and climate change. It examines the causes of climate change, the impacts on ecosystems and human societies, and the strategies to mitigate or adapt to it.
Environmental Justice: Examines the disproportionate impact of environmental problems on low-income and marginalized communities, emphasizing the need for equitable access to environmental resources and decision-making processes.
Environmental Sociology: Concerned with the social dimensions of environmental issues. It examines the cultural, political, and economic factors that shape attitudes and behaviors towards the environment.
"The movement began in the United States in the 1980s."
"It was heavily influenced by the American civil rights movement and focused on environmental racism within rich countries."
"The movement was later expanded to consider gender, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups."
"The movement for environmental justice has thus become more global, with some of its aims now being articulated by the United Nations. The movement overlaps with movements for Indigenous land rights and for the human right to a healthy environment."
"The goal of the environmental justice movement is to achieve agency for marginalized communities in making environmental decisions that affect their lives."
"The global environmental justice movement arises from local environmental conflicts in which environmental defenders frequently confront multi-national corporations in resource extraction or other industries."
"Local outcomes of these conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks."
"Environmental justice scholars have produced a large interdisciplinary body of social science literature that includes contributions to political ecology, environmental law, and theories on justice and sustainability."
"Environmental injustice, which occurs when poor and marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit."
"The movement began in the United States in the 1980s."
"The movement was heavily influenced by the American civil rights movement and focused on environmental racism within rich countries."
"The movement was later expanded to consider gender, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups."
"As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the Global South (as, for example, through extractivism or the global waste trade)."
"The movement overlaps with movements for Indigenous land rights and for the human right to a healthy environment."
"The goal of the environmental justice movement is to achieve agency for marginalized communities in making environmental decisions that affect their lives."
"Local outcomes of these conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks."
"Environmental justice scholars have produced a large interdisciplinary body of social science literature that includes contributions to political ecology, environmental law, and theories on justice and sustainability."
"Exposure to environmental harm is inequitably distributed."
"As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the Global South."