"Environmental justice or eco-justice, is a social movement to address environmental injustice, which occurs when poor and marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit."
The relationship between environmental justice and social justice issues, such as economic inequality and human rights.
Environmental Racism: The disproportionate exposure to environmental hazards and contamination experienced by marginalized communities, often based on race.
Climate Change: The long-term alteration of Earth's atmosphere and temperature caused by human activities, which can lead to devastating impacts on ecosystems and human populations.
Sustainability: The practice of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Biodiversity: The variety of all living things on Earth and the ecosystems in which they exist, which is threatened by human activities like deforestation and pollution.
Environmental Policy: The laws, regulations, and guidelines that dictate how societies utilize natural resources and interact with the environment.
Environmental Economics: The study of how economic policies and institutions impact natural resources and the environment.
Energy: The sources and uses of energy, including renewable and nonrenewable sources, and the environmental impacts of energy production and consumption.
Sustainable Agriculture: The cultivation of crops and raising of livestock in ways that protect soil, water, and other natural resources, while also addressing issues of food security and social justice.
Environmental Activism: The movements and efforts aimed at raising awareness of environmental issues, advocating for policy changes, and promoting sustainability.
Environmental Ethics: The philosophical and moral questions surrounding humanity's relationship with the environment and our responsibilities to preserve and protect it.
Distributive Environmental Justice: It focuses on the equitable distribution of environmental costs and benefits among different groups of people, regardless of race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.
Procedural Environmental Justice: This type of eco-justice concerns the fair and inclusive decision-making process that involves public participation, transparency, access to information, and accountability.
Participatory Environmental Justice: It emphasizes the active involvement of marginalized communities, including indigenous peoples and people of color in environmental decision-making processes that affect their lives.
Ecological Environmental Justice: It aims to protect the rights of the ecosystems that underpin and support human well-being, such as rivers, forests, oceans, and other natural resources.
Climate Environmental Justice: It takes into account the disproportionate impact of climate change on vulnerable communities, including those in low-income areas, indigenous communities, and people of color.
Inter-generational Environmental Justice: It involves the recognition of future generations' rights to inherit a clean and healthy environment and the need to address current environmental problems that might affect their quality of life.
Legal Environmental Justice: It explores the role of the justice system in ensuring the implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, policies, and regulations.
Health Environmental Justice: It considers the impact of environmental pollution, toxic waste, and hazardous substances on human health, particularly on vulnerable populations such as children, pregnant women, and the elderly.
Cultural Environmental Justice: It recognizes the close relationship between environmental conservation and cultural diversity, and the importance of preserving local knowledge and practices that contribute to environmental sustainability.
"The movement began in the United States in the 1980s."
"It was heavily influenced by the American civil rights movement and focused on environmental racism within rich countries."
"The movement was later expanded to consider gender, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups."
"The movement for environmental justice has thus become more global, with some of its aims now being articulated by the United Nations. The movement overlaps with movements for Indigenous land rights and for the human right to a healthy environment."
"The goal of the environmental justice movement is to achieve agency for marginalized communities in making environmental decisions that affect their lives."
"The global environmental justice movement arises from local environmental conflicts in which environmental defenders frequently confront multi-national corporations in resource extraction or other industries."
"Local outcomes of these conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks."
"Environmental justice scholars have produced a large interdisciplinary body of social science literature that includes contributions to political ecology, environmental law, and theories on justice and sustainability."
"Environmental injustice, which occurs when poor and marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit."
"The movement began in the United States in the 1980s."
"The movement was heavily influenced by the American civil rights movement and focused on environmental racism within rich countries."
"The movement was later expanded to consider gender, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups."
"As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the Global South (as, for example, through extractivism or the global waste trade)."
"The movement overlaps with movements for Indigenous land rights and for the human right to a healthy environment."
"The goal of the environmental justice movement is to achieve agency for marginalized communities in making environmental decisions that affect their lives."
"Local outcomes of these conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks."
"Environmental justice scholars have produced a large interdisciplinary body of social science literature that includes contributions to political ecology, environmental law, and theories on justice and sustainability."
"Exposure to environmental harm is inequitably distributed."
"As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the Global South."